consecutive years. Coal was once again the fastest growing fossil fuel‚ with predictable consequences for carbon emissions [BP Statistical Review of World Energy‚ 2012]. Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide‚ particularly in Brazil and USA which is produced from several biomass feedstocks and different technologies [].The ethanol production methods are respectively‚ enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches)‚ fermentation of the sugars‚ distillation and drying. The distillation
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form of purification technique is especially important in chemical identification‚ where the melting point of the compound is taken to confirm its purity. In order to perform recrystallization a solubility test much be completed. Four solvents (95% Ethanol‚ Petroleum Ether‚ Acetone and distilled water) were used to identify which one is an ideal solvent. An ideal solvent is insoluble in room temperature and soluble in hot solvent. 0.5mL of each solvent were added into four reaction tube with 25mg`of
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substances were heated in a 100ml Erlenmeyer flask‚ filtered using filter paper and a funnel with a neck‚ beakers‚ vacuum flask for additional filtration‚ and an electronic scale for weighing the crystals. The solvent used for both parts was 95% Ethanol that was also dripped on the crystals for purification. Ten tablets of aspirin were used in part one. Two grams of impure benzil were used in part two. Procedure: Lab 3 involved an intricate lab with many steps. We began by obtaining 75 grams
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2.13 | 1388 | 318 | Ethane | 30.07 | 1.3562 | -89 | -183 | HCl | 36.46 | 1.490 | -85.05 | -114.22 | Chemical Reactions Procedure In this experiment two solutions were prepared for two kinetic runs. Solution #1 (50%ethanol 50% water) and Solution #2 (40% ethanol and 60% water) was added to another Erlenmeyer flask. Next‚ 0.10M of NaOH was filled up to the 0.00ml mark in two 50-ml burettes. Placing the flask containing solution 1 on the magnetic stirrer and clamp a burette containing 0
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of skin contact (irritant) Ammonium Bromide (NH4Br) 97.94 452 Soluble in water Hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant)‚ of ingestion‚ of inhalation. 1-Butanol (C4H10O) 74.12 -89.8 Soluble in water. Very soluble in acetone‚ miscible with ethanol‚ ethyl ether Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant‚ permeator)‚ of eye contact (irritant)‚ of ingestion‚ of inhalation. Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) 84.93 -96.7 Soluble in water
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Chapter 14 Lecture Outline Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Organic Compounds that Contain Oxygen‚ Halogen‚ or Sulfur Four families of compounds that contain a C atom singly bonded to O‚ S‚ or X (F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ or I) are: 1. Alcohols‚ which contain an OH (hydroxyl) group 2. Ethers‚ which have two alkyl groups bonded to an O atom 2 Organic Compounds that Contain
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De-Scalers Ethanoic acid (vinegar or acetic acid) Ethanoic acid is an organic compound‚ a product from oil [4] a mixture of Ethanol (C2H5OH) and Oxygen (O2). It is used to make beer or wine taste sour. More commonly‚ it is used in vinegar (food flavouring) [1] Ethanol reacts with oxygen to form ethanoic acid and water‚ this reaction is called oxidation. Word Equation: Ethanol + Oxygen à Ethanoic acid + Water Symbol Equation: C2H5OH (ag) + O2 (g) à CH3CO2H (ag) + H2O (I) [1] Advantages: Bacterial
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2-dibromo-1‚2-diphenylethane was produced by the bromination of trans-stilbene through the addition of hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This experiment was a greener bromination of stilbene because bromine was generated in situ and ethanol was used as the solvent. The melting point (243.30°C)‚ mass (.427g)‚ and percent yield (45.54) of the crystals were recorded. The FTIR was used to confirm that the product was produced. The peaks on the HNMR revealed the presence of aliphatic and
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Beer is produced commercially by the controlled fermentation of wort‚ a liquid rich in sugars‚ nitrogenous compounds‚ sulphur compounds and trace elements extracted from malted barley. Fermentation is the process by which glucose is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide and is expressed chemically as: C6H12O6 + 2PO43- + 2ADP → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP Behind this simplified chemical reaction is a series of complex biochemical reactions. These reactions (known as the ‘Glycolytic pathway’ or ‘Embden-Myerhof-Parnas
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Louis Pasteur And The Alcoholic Fermentation Abstract: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist known for his discoveries in the field of vaccination‚ pasteurization and microbial fermentation. His discoveries have saved many lives and his contributions to science‚ technology‚ and medicine are nearly without precedent. This paper will focus on one of the aspect of his work that relates mostly to chemistry: the alcoholic fermentation. Louis Pasteur:
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