Abstract Separation of the compound ethanol from alcoholic beverages‚ such as vodka‚ involves the process of distillation. Distillation is the separation of volatile substances mixed with nonvolatile substances by boiling the mixture to alter the phase of the volatile substance. The researchers used the simple distillation set up to conduct the experiment. 25 ml of The Bar Vodka was used and 7 ml of distillate was collected before a temperature of 95 degrees Celsius was reached. Collected distillate
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Galacturonic Acid Analysis (for Pectin Analysis) Defattening of Mango Peel Powder (Tunchaiyaphum et al.‚ 2013) 1. Weigh about 3 g sample and put into thimble of the soxhlet extractor. 2. Pour in 150 mL of absolute ethanol to the flask of the soxhlet extractor. 3. Extract at boiling temperature of ethanol for 4 hours. 4. Remove solid contents from the thimble. Set aside to dry. Acid Hydrolysis of MPP (Rehman et al.‚ 2004) 1. Mix defatted peel powder with water at pH 2.5 adjusted w/ 0.1 N H2SO4 with a substrate
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SULIT 1 4541/1 Peraturan Permarkahan CHEMISTRY 4541 Kertas 1 Ogos 2011 BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA PERATURAN PERMARKAHAN PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2011 CHEMISTRY TRIAL 2011 MARKING SCHEME PAPER 1 4541 /1 © Trial2011 Hak Cipta Sekolah Berasrama Penuh http://cikguadura.wordpress.com SULIT SULIT 2 SKEMA KERTAS 1 CHEMISTRY 4541/1 4541/1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
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Introduction In a Grignard reaction‚ a Grignard reagent (R–MgX) adds to the carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to form an alcohol (Figure 1). The reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde can be to synthesize a primary alcohol‚ with any other aldehyde can be used to synthesize a secondary alcohol‚ while the reaction with ketone is useful in the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol. Figure 1. General reaction mechanism of a Grignard Reaction The preparation of the Grignard reagent involves
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What is yeast? To most people yeast is just something that is in the food that we eat; However to the scientific community yeast is much more then that. According to the Dictionary of Student Science yeast is a one-celled fungi that can cause the fermentation of carbohydrates‚ producing carbon dioxide and alcohol. ( ) Yeasts are found in the soil‚ in water‚ on the surface of plants‚ and on the skin of humans and other animals. Like other fungi‚ yeasts obtain food from the organic matter around
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fistula leaf were 15.2‚ 24.5‚ 43.8‚ 68.2‚ and 158.6 mg‚ respectively‚ with chloroform‚ petroleum ether‚ methanol‚ distilled water‚ and ethanol solvents. Evaluation of phytochemicals such as alkaloids‚ flavonoids‚ carbohydrates‚ glycosides‚ protein and amino acids‚ saponins‚ and triterpenoids revealed the presence of most of the constituent in polar extracts such as ethanol‚ methanol‚ and aqueous extracts compared with nonpolar extracts (petroleum ether and chloroform). However‚ flavonoids‚ proteins and
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experiment‚ the synthesis of benzocaine is carried out by the acid-catalyzed esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol.2 Theoretical Yield: 1.25g/MW 137 = .009 moles C2H6O 20mL / MW46 =0.435 moles C9H11O2N .009 X 165.19 = 1.49g Purpose Statement: The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize benzocaine by esterification using 4-aminobenzoic acid with ethanol. Experimental Procedure: There were several parts in the procedure of benzocaine beginning with a round bottom flask
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Pre-heating Fuel for Charge Homogeneity to Improve Combustion Abstract – The idea of the automobile engine that people have is of one that is bygone. The automobile engine today is the pinnacle of engineering expertise‚ implementing the best of technologies and undergoing the best of manufacturing processes to make the closest possible achievement to perfection‚ from design to combustion. The art of perfection though starts much before the process itself. In case of the automobile engine
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SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES Both reports are related to the efficiency of fuel. My report had a less detailed conclusion than the other report did. Both use calculations in order to work out the efficiency of the fuels. My report only included information about two types of fuel‚ however the other report compared many. Both reports include a diagram of the experiment. The other report uses different equipment in the experiment to calculate fuel efficiency. Both my own report and the example professional report
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(see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan‚ North America‚ and Europe was about 400‚000 tons.[1] In 2004‚ an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide.[2] Production Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield
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