ESSENTIALS OF ECOLOGY (Chapter 9) 1. Review the Key Questions and Concepts for this chapter on p. 184. What factors led to the premature extinction of the passenger pigeon in the United States? Factors that led to the premature extinction of the passenger pigeon are uncontrolled commercial hunting and habitat loss. Passenger pigeon in the 1858 became a big hunting business. Weapons like shotguns‚ traps and artilleries were used and even the burning of sulfur in suffocating the birds. These threats
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CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND: 1 2. CONTRACT: 1 2.1 VALID CONTRACT: 2 2.2 VOID CONTRACT: 2 2.3 VOIDABLE CONTRACT: 2 3. SALES CONTRACT: 3 3.1 SUBJECT MATTER (MAL): 3 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF MAL: 4 3.3 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY OF SALE: 4 3.4 PROHIBITED SALES: 7 3.5 KINDS OF SALE TRANSACTIONS: 10 3.5.1 BAY AL MUQAYADAH: 11 3.5.2 BAY AL MUTLAQ: 11 3.5.3 BAY AL SARF: 12 3.5.4 SALAM CONTRACT: 13 3.5.5 ISTISNA 16 3.5.6 MURABAHAH 19 3.5.7 BAY’AL-MUAJJAL 22 4
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1. Introduction – What is a Contract? 1.1 Definitions Not all agreements will be contract enforceable in law - social arrangements‚ for example‚ or contracts which offend against public decency and public policy and those which involve criminal activity. ‘A contract is an agreement giving rise to obligations which are enforced or recognised by law. The factor which distinguishes contractual from other legal obligations is that they are based on the agreement of the contracting parties.’ Treitel
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Introduction A contract is defined as an agreement enforceable by law. Hence for all contracts there should have an agreement. The agreement arises by one of the parties making an offer and its acceptance by the other party. Both offer and acceptance create an agreement. In simple contract should first contain an offer made by one party to the other. What is an offer? As per Sec 2(a) of the contract act “When one person signifies to another his
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"all the world"‚ in which case the offeree is regarded as a member of the general public: Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball When an offer is made‚ the term of the proposed contract must be communicated to the offeree: Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking However‚ an offer can be made in general terms‚ leaving the precise terms of the contract to be settled later: Master v Cameron The fact that the word ’offer’ is used is not itself conclusive: B Seppelt & Sons Ltd v Commissioner for Main Roads An offer
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By the case of Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co the doctrine of Promissory Estoppel was establish and the derivation of modern doctrine of it is to be found in the The doctrine of Promissory Estoppel was first developed but was lost for some time until it was resurrected by Lord Denning in the leading case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd. Promissory estoppel There are three exceptions to the rule in Pinnel’s case. They are composite agreement‚ payment of debt
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Jillian Sanders Christian Worldview February 15‚ 2015 Dr. Hector Llanes Gospel Essentials When you look around and gaze at the beautiful creation before you‚ do you reflect on how amazing God is? God made the creation‚ man‚ and everything surrounding the two. There are many different worldviews. This paper will focus on the Christian worldview. The Christian worldview involves God‚ humanity‚ Jesus‚ and restoration. The Christian Worldview God Can God truly be defined? Yes and no! It is important
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Asif Tufal Contract-Law-page CASES ON FORMATION OF A CONTRACT OFFER Payne v Cave (1789) The defendant made the highest bid for the plaintiff’s goods at an auction sale‚ but he withdrew his bid before the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer. It was held that the defendant was not bound to purchase the goods. His bid amounted to an offer which he was entitled to withdraw at any time before the auctioneer signified acceptance by knocking down the hammer. Note: The common law rule laid down in
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Contract is an agreement between two or more competent parties in which an offer is made and accepted‚ and each party benefits. No contract can come into being unless the following features exist: an actual offer‚ an acceptance‚ consideration (this means that each party will contribute something of a material value to the bargain) and an intention to create legal relations. The agreement can be formal‚ informal‚ written‚ or just plain understood. (a) For a contract to exist the offer must be made
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Essentialia The contract of employment is an agreement between two parties in terms of which one party (Mr. Phage) places his labour potential at the disposal and under the control of the other party (Lifeline services)‚ in exchange for some form of remuneration. From this definition‚ it is clear that the essentialia of a contract of employment are 1. Work and 2. Remuneration. This contract does not meet the requirement for work because even though an ambiguous job title of ‘General Worker’
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