Chapter-1: Introduction The purpose of a Communication System is to transport an information bearing signal from a source to a user destination via a communication channel. MODEL OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM(ANALOG) Information Source and Input Transducer I/P Signal TRANSMITTER CHANNEL Destination and Output Transducer O/P Signal RECEIVER Fig. 1.1: Block diagram of Communication System. The three basic elements of every communication systems are Transmitter‚ Receiver and Channel. The
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-Smith‚ Smith‚ Smith‚ and Smith Elimination of errors during transmission is controlled by hardware and software. There are two categories of network errors when it comes to data; Corrupt data‚ data that has been changed during the transmission and Lost data‚ data that does not reach its final destination. When you design a network it should be constructed to prevent‚ detect and correct both the corrupt as well as the lost data errors. Network errors are inherent part of data transmissions and can
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UPGRADING THE PC MEMORY • There are different varieties‚ shapes and voltages of RAM. • When planning an upgrade you need to ensure compatibility by considering the following points: Available slots • If the motherboard memory slots are full‚ it may not be possible to add more Memory or it may be necessary to remove some older‚ low capacity memory Modules to make way for new ones. Physical format • It is preferable to stick to the same module format. This format also determines how many modules
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In 1945 Arthur C. Clarke wrote an article entitled "The Future of World Communications" for the magazine Wireless World. This article‚ which the editors renamed "Extra-Terrestrial Relays"‚ was published in the October issue. In it Clarke described the properties of the geostationary orbit‚ a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of the earth such that a satellite appears to hover over a fixed point on the equator. The period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the earth
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DCN VIVA QUESTIONS 1. What do you mean by data communication? Ans: It is the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as wire cable. The communicating system must be part of a communication system made up of a combination of hardware and software. The effectiveness of a data communication system depends on three fundamental characteristics: delivery‚ accuracy and timeliness. 2. What is simplex? Ans: It is the mode of communication between two devices in which
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Modulation (DPCM) Characteristics of DPCM quantization errors Predictive coding gain Adaptive intra-interframe DPCM Conditional Replenishment Bernd Girod: EE398B: Image Communication II DPCM no. 1 Principle of DPCM input s + e quantizer + s predictor + s’ e’ entropy coder channel coder output s’ + predictor s + e’ entropy decoder channel decoder Prediction error Reconstruction Reconstruction error = quantization error e= s−s ˆ s ′ = e′ + s ˆ s′ − s = e′ −
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Servers..…………10 1.4. Structure of Routers‚ LANs and WANs……………….………...14 Chapter Two: Communication 2.1. Client Server and Peer to Peer Protocols………..….…….…18 2.2. Common BAS protocols……………………….….…………………….22 2.3. Identify data error detection and correction….….…...….27 2.4. Evaluation of HMI/OMI‚ SCADA systems and OPC….…..32 Chapter Three: Measurement 3.1. Advanced PLC functions….………………………………………………37 3.2. A-D and D-A conversion….……………………………………………..38 3.3. Evaluation of Control
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=00011001₂ -25 = 11100110₂ + 00000001₂ =11100111₂ 25-(-25) = 00011001₂ – 11100111₂ = 10110010₂ 2. Why is parity bit required? How is it used in correcting single bit errors? Explain with the help of an example. A parity bit is a bit‚ with a value of 0 or 1‚ which is added to a block of data for error detection purposes. It gives the data either an odd or even parity‚ which is
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Digital Communication Report Author: Nan Wang Date: 15/05/2013 Contents: ` 1. Introduction Currently‚ the increasing interest in convenient communication has heightened the need for digital communication development. This report would introduce an ambulance service system. As an emergency system‚ it should be quick response; in addition‚ the quality of the signal transmission is also very important
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survey the environmental factors that affect MIMO capacity. These factors include channel complexity‚ external interference‚ and channel estimation error. We discuss examples of space-time codes‚ including space-time low-density parity-check codes and spacetime turbo codes‚ and we investigate receiver approaches‚ including multichannel multiuser detection (MCMUD). The ‘multichannel’ term indicates that the receiver incorporates multiple antennas by using space-time-frequency adaptive processing. The
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