1 The statement by Henry Kravis that private equity was in its “golden era” might sound like hubris to the unacquainted observer but may actually not be far off from the reality given the growth of private equity funds under management since the advent of large-scale leveraged buy-outs (LBOs) in the 1980s. Henry Kravis as a principal partner in Kohlberg‚ Kravis & Roberts (KKR) pioneered LBOs in the late 1970s and KKR has been a major private equity firm since having reportedly invested in over 160
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How Does Equity Fulfill the Common Law Common Law Equity fulfils the common law‚ although it does not endeavour to displace it with a moral code. In order to be influential‚ the law is to be professed as both certain and predictable‚ and also flexible and fair. Specifically‚ it needs clear rules on the one hand‚ but flexibility on the other to produce exceptions to cases that lead to apparently incongruous or unjust conclusions if the rules are
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DOVE Brand Equity A key part of DOVE’s success and where it differentiated itself from other personal care brands‚ increasing its brand equity‚ is the use of a different marketing approach when introducing the campaign for real beauty in 2004. This campaign gave women a feeling of identification and association with the brand and the products without even having tried them. Women could identify with the images they were seeing in the DOVE advertising campaigns which resulted in them being willing
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Private equity Private equity is a source of investment capital from high net worth individuals and institutions for the purpose of investing and acquiring equity ownership in companies. Partners at private equity firms raise funds and manage these monies for the purpose of yielding favorable returns for their shareholder clients‚ typically with an investment horizon between four and seven years. These funds can be used in the purchase of shares of private companies‚ or in public companies
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In this essay I aim to describe two theories (Equity Theory and Social exchange theory) of relationships and to consider how they might influence the therapist engaged in couples counseling‚ noting their similarities and differences. Equity theory is a theory about fairness. Its application to close relationships has been primarily advanced by Elaine Hatfield (previously known as Elaine Walster) and her colleagues in the book Equity: Theory and Research (Walster‚ Walster‚ and Berscheid 1978). The
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and to work in a nice air-conditioned office‚ but they all don ’t want to work hard for these things. In the terms of the Equity theory proposed by J. stacy Adams it focused on social justice. According to his model‚ behavior is initiated‚ directed‚ and maintained by the attempts of individuals to preserve some internal psychological balance. The Idea behind the equity theory is that people ’s perceptions and beliefs about the fairness of their treatment at work affect their motivation attitudes
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Y PEKKA TUOMINEN Managing Brand Equity ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to discuss and elaborate the main issues encountered in managing brand equity. In order to achieve this purpose‚ we first analyse the concept of brand equity; second‚ we provide a comprehensive framework for managing brand equity; and finally‚ we distinguish different ways to leverage and measure brand equity. The concept of brand equity emerged in the early 1990s. Brand equity can be regarded as a managerial concept
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Red Bull Brand Equity According to Keller (2008‚ p 53)‚ brand equity is the strong‚ favorable and unique brand associations in the memory of customers. He goes on to identify (p 54) two sources of brand equity: 1.) Brand Awareness; and 2.) Brand Image. Red Bull has well defined tactics for both sources. The Brand Awareness Source for Red Bull Brand Equity Keller (p 54) notes the key elements of Brand Awareness: 1.) Recognition; and 2.) Recall. He postulates that if buy decisions are made at
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Raising Equity Capital When a private company decides to raise outside equity capital to fund there firm‚ they can turn several potential sources‚ these include Angel Investors‚ venture capital firms‚ institutional investors and corporate investors. Angel investors are individual investors who buy equity in small private firms (often friends of relatives) and are usually the first round of outside financing typically receiving a sizeable equity share. Venture Capital Firm (VCF) is a limited partnership
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School of Commerce Toyota 2013 Brand Equity and its measures Table of Contents 1.0. Introduction: 1 2.0. Brand Equity: 2 2.1.0. Financial perspective: 2 Toyota Financial statement (Example 3 2.1.1. Caculating Brand Equity through discounted cash flow 3 2.2.0. Non-financial perspective: 5 2.2.1. the real and implied brand attributes 5 2.2.2. Importance of a company’s brand logo‚ symbol or trademark: 6 3.0. Different approaches for building brand equity 7 3.1. Cost based approaches 7 3.2
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