What is a cough reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? A cough reflex has both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) components. Pulmonary irritant receptors (cough receptors) in the epithelium of the respiratory tract are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli. Stimulation of the cough receptors by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough‚ which is necessary to remove the foreign material from the respiratory tract
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We must spend time in the sun-shine. Some time in the sun is healthy for us. Our body makes its own Vitamin D when we get out in the sun. It also makes Melatonin‚ which helps us sleep at night. As we age‚ our bodies make less Melatonin‚ but taking a walk in the sunlight can help to replete the supply and help an older person sleep better at night. Sunlight also helps in preventing and treating depression. People in cloudier climates have higher rates of depression than those in sunnier environments
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Signs and symptoms of Conjunctivitis‚ Swelling of conjunctiva and watering of the eyes are symptoms common to all forms of conjunctivitis. However‚ the pupils should be normally reactive‚ and the visual acuity normal. Viral Viral conjunctivitis is often associated with an infection of the upper respiratory tract‚ a common cold‚ and/or a sore throat. Its symptoms include excessive watering and itching. The infection usually begins with one eye‚ but may spread easily to the other. Viral conjunctivitis
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The brain and the spinal cord of the central nervous system are buffered by a number of protective layers known as the meninges. These include three main membranes of connective tissue including: the dura mater‚ the arachnoid layer and the pia mater [6]. The two innermost layers‚ collectively known as the leptomeninges‚ include the pia mater and the arachnoid mater that buffer the brain and spinal cord [7]. As indicated in image III below‚ the subarachnoid space is the area located between the
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muscle that create a wave-like movement to move the matter from one structure to another. The histology is similar in both tubes as well‚ because they are both required to stretch as materials pass through without letting if freely flow‚ transitional epithelium is found lining the
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Neuroscience: The Five Senses Brandt 2 Table of Contents: Introduction: .3 Sense 1: Taste 3-4 Sense 2: Smell ...4-6 Sense 3: Sight 6-7 Sense 4: Hearing 7-9 Sense 5: Touch ..9-11 Conclusion: ...11 Brandt 3 Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system and anything that is involved with the nervous system. They are many different areas in the field if neuroscience. Neuroscience deals with the five senses‚ anything
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differentiate between the effects of hypotonic‚ hypertonic‚ and isotonic solutions on animal cells and determine the equilibrium point for a chicken egg in corn syrup. They will also be able to apply this knowledge to human colonic (large intestine) epithelium‚ and the effects and consequences hypotonic‚ hypertonic‚ and isotonic solutions would have on these cells. Materials: This activity is designed for an entire class (from 20 to 36 students) working in pairs or trios‚ so that the class is divided
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TUTORIAL 2: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OBJECTIVE QUESTION 1) High-flying birds are able to obtain enough oxygen even when the air is very thin because A) they have more efficient lungs than other vertebrates. B) they have reduced amounts of hemoglobin in their blood. C) their mitochondria are more efficient than those of other vertebrates. D) their heart can increase or decrease in size as altitude changes. E) they are able to store oxygen in oxygen chambers within muscle cells. 2) If you were to move from
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To obtain a general effect‚ the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. The choice depends on the drug i.e. the existence of preparations appropriate for these uses and on the state of the patient. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route necessary. To obtain a local effect‚ special preparations like the ophthalmic solutions‚ but it should be remembered that a systemic diffusion is always possible after local administration. Parenteral route
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These layers help the skin to execute its many functions. The epidermis is made of stratified keratinised squamous epithelium which offers a waterproof defence for the skin. The epidermis has several layers within it and provides the most protection from external elements‚ and is also the site of skin cell production as the top cells are constantly rubbed off and replaced
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