Pathogenesis. Basically‚ ALI is an acute lung inflammation that causes disruption of the pulmonary alveolar- capillary barriers (alveolar epithelium‚ interstitium‚ and microvascular endothelium)‚ which occurs in three phases; acute or exudative phase‚ resolution phase and fibrotic phase [8‚9]. 1. Acute or exudative phase (<72h)‚ which characterized by a disruption of the alveolar capillary membrane leading to leakage of protein rich fluid into the interstitium and alveolar space‚ and extended
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consists of an epithelium‚ the lamina propria underneath‚ and a thin bit of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa. The submucosa lies under this and consists of fibrous connective tissue. It separates the mucosa from the next layer‚ the muscularis externa. The muscularis in the stomach differs from other GI organs in that it has three layers of muscle instead of two. Under these muscle layers is the adventitia‚ layers of connective tissue continuous with the omenta. The epithelium of the stomach
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protects your body from moisture loss‚ bacteria‚ and internal injury. There are two kinds of epithelial tissues: Covering and lining epithelium covers or lines almost all of your internal and external body surfaces; for example‚ the outermost layer of your skin and other organs‚ and the internal surface lining of your lymph vessels and digestive tract. Glandular epithelium secretes hormones or other products such as stomach acid‚ sweat‚ saliva‚ and milk. Connective tissue generally provides structure
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mouth is at the beginning of the alimentary canal. The mastication of food takes place here. The lining of the mouth‚ a thick stratified squamous epithelium‚ protects it from abrasion by sharp pieces of food during chewing. From the mouth‚ swallowed food passes into the oropharynx and then the laryngopharynx‚ which are lined by a stratified squamous epithelium‚ which protects them against abrasion. They contract in sequence to squeeze bolus into the esophagus. The pharyngeal constrictors are skeletal
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Lecture 19 Notes Atropine blocks cholinergic transmission ( which would normally cause the pupillary constrictor muscles to narrow the diameter of the pupil Presbyopia – far-sightedness Retinal Pigment Epithelium(RPE) - contains pigment granules that absorb photons passing through the retina. Also responsible for producing a molecule called a 11-cis retinal. Hendry’s First Law of Lamination – states that layers exist in the central nervous System where a single structure performs more
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Chapter 25: Periodontal emergencies * Abscess of the periodontium- an acute‚ circumscribed collection of pus in the periodontium 1) Acute- condition has a rapid onset‚ rapid course‚ and can be accompanied by pain or discomfort 2) Circumscribed- abscess is localized 3) Pus- a collection of dead white blood cells that result from the body defense mechanisms involved in fighting the infection * 3 types of periodontal abscesses 4) Gingival- an abscess of the periodontium
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In cell biology and Pathophysiology‚ cellular adaptation refers to changes made by a cell in response to adverse environmental changes.[1] The adaptation may be physiologic(al) (normal) or pathologic(al) (abnormal). Five major types of adaptation include atrophy‚ hypertrophy‚ hyperplasia‚ dysplasia‚ and metaplasia. Atrophy is a decrease in cell size. If enough cells in an organ atrophy the entire organ will decrease in size. Thymus atrophy during early human development (childhood) is an example
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25 The Urinary System: Urinary System Organs * Kidneys are major excretory organs * Urinary bladder is the temporary storage reservoir for urine * Ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder * Urethra transports urine out of the body Kidney Functions * Removal of toxins‚ metabolic wastes‚ and excess ions from the blood * Regulation of blood volume‚ chemical composition‚ and pH Kidney Functions * Gluconeogenesis during prolonged fasting * Endocrine functions * Renin: regulation
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levels of IgE‚ also known as hypersensitivity‚ making the body think the foreign substance is dangerous when it’s harmless (1). Dendritic Cells The body’s first line of defense is the epithelium. In order for the body to display hypersensitivity after inhaling pollens‚ pollens need to penetrate the airway epithelium first. Pollens have cysteine and serine proteases to do this by disrupting tight junctions (1‚2). They get taken up by dendritic cells (DCs) which are important antigen presenting cells
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section of the leaf of Ixora sp. · Cross section of the stem of Cucurbita sp. · Cross section of the stem of Helianthus · Cross section of Zea mays stem Animal Tissues · A section of the ciliated epithelium (frog’s small intestine‚ frog’s ciliated epithelium‚ cheek cells · Blood smear · Slide of an adipose tissue · Slide containing a hyaline cartilage and elastic cartilage · Cross section of bone · Prepared slide of skeletal‚ smooth‚ and cardiac muscle ·
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