John Locke distinguished‚ in his Essay‚ “real essence” from “nominal essence.” Nominal essence‚ according to Locke‚ is the “abstract Idea to which the Name is annexed (III.vi.2).” Thus‚ the nominal essence of the name ‘gold’‚ Locke said‚ “is that complex Idea the word Gold stands for‚ let it be‚ for instance‚ a Body yellow‚ of a certain weight‚ malleable‚ fusible‚ and fixed.” In contrast‚ the real essence of gold is “the constitution of the insensible parts of that Body‚ on which those Qualities
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Notes on chapter 2 pg.14-25 Socrates: The First Moralist Socrates (c.470-399 B.C) he was 70 years old when he died‚ his father was Sophroniscus‚ a sculptor‚ his mother Phaenarete‚ was a midwife. Socrates was likely a stonemason and a sculptor before turning to philosophy. He was a soldier during the Peloponnesian War. He has walked barefoot across ice‚ meditated standing up for thirty-six hours. He had the ability to ignore physical discomfort in order to achieve some greater mental or spiritual
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THE SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY The idea of the social contract goes back‚ to Thomas Hobbes; John Locke‚ Jean-Jacques Rousseau‚ and Immanuel Kant developed it in different ways. After Kant the idea largely fell into disrepute until John Rawls resurrected it. It is now at the heart of the work of a number of moral and political philosophers. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contract the social contract theorists and their views on the origin of state. THOMAS HOBBES: (1588-1679) Background:
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GUMATAY‚ Ma. Rina Marcela T. ED2-01 PHILOSOPHERS ANCIENT PERIOD Aristotle Famous for his writings on physics‚ metaphysics‚ poetry‚ theater‚ music‚ logic‚ rhetoric‚ linguistics‚ politics‚ government‚ ethics‚ biology‚ and zoology‚ he was an extremely learned and educated individual. He is also among the first person to set a comprehensive system of Western philosophy which include views about morality and aesthetics‚ logic and science‚ politics and metaphysics. This system became the supporting
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! ! ! Sociology • A study of the human condition- all aspects of the human condition. There is nothing that humans do or say that is foreign to sociology • Began in the earliest stages of history- even in the Paleolithic period where we were hunters and gatherers because even in this time‚ there were human relationships. • Safe to say that sociology is as old as history ! Pre-Socratic Theorists Heraclitus: • Arguably the most important pre-Socratic writer • Said that “one can
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learning‚ just as the field of psychology‚ was created through the movements of empiricism and rationalism‚ along with the development of evolution theory (Terry‚ 2009). These movements fostered interest in scientific investigation thus giving way to epistemology‚ which means‚ theory of knowledge. Questions concerning nature and nurture sparked interest in how we came to have knowledge‚ which is the main tenet of the field of learning (Terry‚ 2009). In the field of psychology‚ the learning theories
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|Special Rules |1/27 | | | | | | | | | |3- Metaphysics‚ Epistemology‚ Ethics (31-37) |Lots of questions. | | | | | | | | |
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Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenology: A Gift to Epistemology Reuben John B. Valentin Abstract: One of the fundamental question of epistemology is on how man can acquire knowledge? What means can man use to overcome state of ignorance? This question is critically touched during the Renaissance the jump from the God questions and focus on a more humane one‚ the man questions.The likes of Descartes who comprises the bulk of the rationalist started the period but as their ideas were articulated and read by
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The history of international relations is often traced back to the Peace of Westphalia of 1648‚ where the modern state system was developed. Prior to this‚ the European medieval organization of political authority was based on a vaguely hierarchical religious order. Westphalia instituted the legal concept of sovereignty‚ which essentially meant that rulers‚ or the legitimate sovereigns‚ would recognize no internal equals within a defined territory and no external superiors as the ultimate authority
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should transmit the traditional moral values and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens. Focus is on basic skills. Existentialism rejects the existence of any source of objective‚ authoritative truth about metaphysics‚ epistemology‚ and ethics. Do not accept any predetermined creed or philosophical system and from that try to define who we are. Aim for the progressing of humanity. Use independent thinking. It engages the student in central questions of defiming life and who
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