by this. They soon experimented with many different liquids to see which one would do best. Why do some fruits and vegetables turn brown after you cut them? The cells of apples and other produce (e.g.‚ pears‚ bananas‚ peaches‚ potatoes) contain an enzyme (called polyphenol oxidase or tyrosinase) that‚ when in contact with oxygen‚ catalyzes one step of the biochemical
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The recombinant hemicellulolytic enzymes: an endo-xylanase (HXYN2) and a -xylosidase (HXYLA)‚ both from H. grisea (CARVALHO‚ W. R. 2008; Cintra et al. 2016) and an -L-arabinofuranosidase (ABF3) from Penicilium Penicillium purpurogenum (Ravanal et al. 2010) were used in the hydrolysis tests. These three enzymes were heterologously expressed and produced in Pichia pastoris. The enzyme-producing clones were induced according to the instructions of the Pichia Expression Kit (Invitrogen‚ USA). Interactions
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“Investigate the factors affecting the rate of yeast respiration” Lab Report Introduction The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different amounts of a substrate on the respiration rate of yeast and to compare this to the effect of different amounts of glucose on the rate of yeast respiration. The substrate which I chose to further investigate was fructose. Fructose is a fruit sugar which is one of the three‚ along with glucose and galactose‚ dietary monosaccharides that
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Effect of enzyme concentration on rate of reaction Research question: is there a relationship between catalase concentration and the rate of reaction? Hypotheses: if the enzyme concentration is increased then the rate of reaction will increase. If the enzyme concentration is decreased then the rate of reaction will decrease. Controlled: temperature Independent: % catalyze concentration ( Dependent: rate of reaction (mm/s) Materials: Mortar and pestle Graduated cylinder Distilled
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Factors Affecting Enzyme Action ------------------------------------------------- Term 1 Biology Nicole Goosen Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Materials: 3 Method: 4 Risk assignment: 4 Risk: 4 Personal Protective Equipment: 4 Results: 5 Discussion: 5 Conclusion: 6 Introduction: How is the human body able to digest the food that you eat? How quickly your body digests your food? This is because the human body contains enzymes that are the biological substance‚ a.k.a proteins
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Saliva Lab Since the amylase enzyme is present in saliva‚ starch digestion begins in the mouth. Salivary amylase changes the polysaccharide starch into many disaccharide molecules of maltase (a simple sugar) which are further broken down into glucose units by maltase enzyme in the As stated above‚ saliva contains the amylase enzyme which begins the breakdown of starches. The efficiency of starch digestion by amylase can be measured by how much simple sugar it produces under
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Unit 1: Biochemistry Review Chemical Bonding Three types of bonds Ionic bond: 2 oppositely charged atoms (Na and Cl) Polar covalent: Unequally shared electrons (H and O) Non polar covalent: Equally shared electrons (C and C) or similar electronegativity Electronegativity and chemical bonding Electronegativity is a measure of the strength in which an atom can attract electrons. A difference of < 0. 5 is non polar covalent bond A difference of 0.5 – 1.7 is polar covalent bond A difference of > 1
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the enzyme? Denaturing the enzyme is important because leaving it active will increase the activity of the enzyme. 1. State the optimum pH for sucrase activity and how sucrase activity changes at more acidic and alkaline pH values. 2. State the optimum temperature for sucrase activity and how sucrase activity changes at lower and higher temperatures. 3. State how sucrase activity changes with increasing sucrose concentration. Discussion 1. Explain how pH and temperature affect enzyme activity
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What affect does boiling have on enzyme activity? a. Boiling inactivates‚ or denatures‚ enzymes. Activity 2 Which tubes showed that starch or cellulose was present? a. 4‚ 5 and 6 Which tubes tested positive for the presence of reducing sugars? a. 1‚ 2‚3 and 7 What was the affect of freezing tube 1? a. Freezing had no affect How does the effect of freezing differ from the affect of boiling? a. Freezing does not restrict enzyme activity Does amylase use
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Introduction Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction that uses water to split complex molecules. The water molecule H2O is split in the mechanism of hydrolysis‚ hydrogen cations and hydroxide anions. When the enzyme catalyzes its reaction inside the cell‚ it is referred to as intracellular hydrolases. When the enzymes secreted from the organism to catalyze reactions outside the cell‚ it is referred to as exoenzymes or extracellular hydrolases. Four hydrolysis reactions are discussed in the report‚ bile esculin
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