Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to measure the extent of enzyme reaction on given substrates by means of color change. The reaction followed is given below: Tyrosinase³ Enzyme Pyrocatechol Hydroxyquinone Oxidation/Reduction Pink ³ Brown E+S + [ES] = E+P Enzyme Reaction Hypothesis: If there is an increase in enzyme concentration‚ an increase in reaction temperature‚ or an increase in buffer pH‚ then greater
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THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LIVING MATTER Relevant IB topic: T3 Time: 2 hours BACKGROUND The principal chemical constituents of living matter are: water‚ mineral salts‚ organic compounds such as carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ lipids‚ nucleic acids. In this exercise we shall concentrate on carbohydrates‚ lipids‚ proteins‚ and we shall estimate the concentration of Vitamin C‚ an organic compound‚ in a solution‚ by the
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Hypothesis: If pH is increased or decreased past the enzyme’s optimum pH‚ the number of products produced by the enzyme will decrease because the enzyme will become denatured. Variables: The Independent variable is the pH of the environment. The uncertainty of pH is ± 1. pH is a unitless value. The Dependent variable is the number of products produced. The uncertainty of this this measurement is ± 1 product. In order for this experiment to be controlled‚ many variable were identified and held constant
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Activity of the Enzyme Catalase in breaking down Hydrogen Peroxide and the effect of various factors on Enzyme Activity Introduction The enzyme catalase is present in cells in order to speed the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‚ which is a toxic chemical to the human body. When hydrogen peroxide is broken down‚ the end products are Water (H2O) and Oxygen (O2). In this report‚ the reaction of catalase to hydrogen peroxide is being tested. Furthermore‚ the effects of temperature‚ concentration
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LABORATORY REPORT (Click on the Save a Copy button on the panel above to save your report) Activity: Enzyme Activity Predictions 1. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 2. Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 60 °C (140 °F) 3. Sucrase activity decreases with increasing sucrose concentration. Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity. 1. Dependent Variable. amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced 2. Independent Variable. pH 3. Controlled Variables
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Discussion The primary purpose of this experiment was to determine the optimum temperature range for the activity of the enzyme lactase. Extreme temperatures can have a detrimental effect on enzymes; very hot temperatures can cause the denaturation in the enzyme‚ which is the loss of protein structure. This causes a change in the shape of the enzyme leading to its inability to perform its function. As previously stated‚ the alternate hypothesis read: the optimal temperature range for lactase activity
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Affect of enzyme concentration to the rate of reaction Aim: With the experiment of protein solution‚ in this case egg white added to different pepsin concentrations (0%‚ 0.2%‚ 0.4%‚ 0.6%‚ 0.8%‚ 1.0%) shows‚ as the egg white is a protein and the pepsin works as an enzyme‚ how a higher pepsin concentration and therefore a larger amount of enzymes effect the rate of reaction. Hypothesis: An increased concentration of pepsin speeds up the time the mixture needs to come clear. Introduction:
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Introduction Enzymes are proteins that are involved in all the chemical processes in living things. As they are made of proteins they are affected by pH and temperature. Enzymes are catalysts; they speed up chemical reactions without being changed themselves. Digestive enzymes speed up the breakdown of large food molecules into smaller ones so that the blood can absorb them. Enzymes turn a large starch molecule into thousands of tiny glucose molecules. Enzymes end in ’ase’. There are thousands of
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Enzymes are biological molecules (proteins) that act as a catalyst and help complex reactions occur everywhere in life‚ for example a piece of steak that is being digested into energy. Molecules found at the beginning of the process are called substrates‚ and these enzymes exchange them into differing molecules known as products. Nearly all-metabolic processes in a cell need enzymes in order to function at rates that are fast enough to sustain existence. Those who are lactose intolerant are simply
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The environmental factors that effected the rate of enzyme reactions were the enzyme concentration‚ pH‚ and temperature. These environmental factors help enzymes break down the poisonous chemicals into harmless substance. When we tested the liver with 2ml of hydrogen peroxide for a normal reaction it showed that it was exothermic. We added more hydrogen peroxide and the reaction rate of the liver was 3. We learned that the catalase is reusable because the liver reacted both times when we put in
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