determine the effect of various factors on the rate of reaction between an enzyme andits substrate‚ and also to determine the optimal ranges under which the enzyme activity ismaximized. Also to determine whether saline and alcohol are inhibitors or activators Hypothesis: PH factor prediction: I predict that as the pH increases so the activity of the enzyme willincrease until it reaches optimum pH range (pH 7) because the enzyme is less denaturedwhen it reaches the preferred pH level‚ and after this
Premium PH Enzyme Acid
Carbohydrates – energy storage and supply‚ structure (in some organisms) Proteins – Structure‚ transport‚ enzymes‚ antibodies‚ most hormones Lipids – Membranes‚ energy supply‚ thermal insulation‚ protective layers/padding‚ electrical insulation in neurones‚ some hormones Vitamins and minerals – From parts of some larger molecules and take part in some metabolic reactions‚ some act as coenzymes or active enzyme activators Nucleic acids – information molecules‚ carry instructions for life Water – Takes part
Free Protein DNA Enzyme
determine the effect of various factors on the rate of reaction between an enzyme and its substrate‚ and also to determine the optimal ranges under which the enzyme activity is maximized. Also to determine whether saline and alcohol are inhibitors or activators Hypothesis: PH factor prediction: I predict that as the pH increases so the activity of the enzyme will increase until it reaches optimum pH range (pH 7) because the enzyme is less denatured when it reaches the preferred pH level‚ and after this
Premium Enzyme PH
This experiment investigated the kinetics of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase b which is important to metabolism. AMP is an allosteric activator of the enzyme because it converts glycogen phosphorylase b from its T state to the R state which is the active form. Caffeine is an inhibitor because it binds the nucleoside inhibitor site. When it binds this site‚ it stabilizes the inactive T state and blocks the catalytic site which needs to be open for enzyme activity to occur. The glycogen phosphorylase
Premium Enzyme Metabolism Chemical reaction
Energy and Metabolism Chapter 6 Energy and Metabolism • Organisms require the constant input of free energy and matter for growth‚ reproduction‚ and maintenance of living systems • Life requires a highly ordered system ▫ What is free energy? Energy available to do work in any system G What other types of energies do cells use? • Potential ▫ Stored energy ▫ Chemical • Kinetic ▫ Energy of motion Thermal Energy • • • • All forms of energy can be converted to heat Thermodynamics
Premium Energy Enzyme Metabolism
Experiment 10 – Enzymes Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts for biological reactions. Enzymes‚ like all catalysts‚ speed up reactions without being used up themselves. They do this by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. All biochemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. Since enzymes are proteins‚ they can be denatured in a variety of ways‚ so they are most active under mild conditions. Most enzymes have optimum activity at a neutral pH and at body temperature. Enzymes are also
Free Enzyme Starch
Natural enzymes are proteins that catalyze biological reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reaction without being altered during the process. The enzyme used in this experiment was the β-galactosidase purified from E. coli. This enzyme hydrolyzes lactose and turns it into galactose and glucose. Since it is difficult to assay the activity of β-galactosidase‚ we will be using the artificial substrate‚ o-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG) instead of lactose. ONPG is an analog of lactose
Premium Enzyme Chemical reaction Catalysis
Experiments investigating the effect of a particular factor on an enzyme-catalysed reaction are commonly used as assessed practicals in Biology. The reason for this is there are a number of factors that can be investigated‚ and therefore‚ a number of factors that can also be controlled. From our lecture‚ we are aware that the following can affect the rate of reaction: 1) Temperature: a. Independent variable: A range of temperatures should be investigated‚ with particular attention
Free Enzyme Digestion
protease. The three main protease enzymes produced during digestion are pepsin trypsin and cymotrypsin. Pepsin is released into the stomach and begins digestion by breaking down proteins into smaller molecules called peptides. Trypsin and cymotrypsin are released into the intestines completing protein digestion.There are fourmajor
Premium Protein Enzyme Digestion
environmental factors of enzymes were tested in lab. The changing of pH‚ substrate concentrations‚ temperature‚ and an inhibitor (NaCl) and the effects it hade on the enzyme turnip peroxidase. Enzymes are biological catalysts which increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energies of substrates. A substrate is a reactant that interacts with the enzyme. The enzyme and substrate can be viewed as the recently discovered "induced fit model"‚ which suggests enzymes are flexible and dynamic things
Premium Enzyme Chemical reaction PH