Lab 5 The Diffraction Grating Chinua McDonald Objective: To measure the wavelength of light with a diffraction grating. Theory: The two types of diffraction gratings are the transmission and reflection gratings. They are made by ruling on a piece of glass or metal a number of evenly spaced lines with a fine diamond point. Diffraction phenomena can be analyzed in terms of Huygens’ principle‚ according to which every point on the wave front of a wave should be considered as a source
Premium Light Diffraction Wavelength
Adding Enzymes to Improve Beef Tenderness By Chris R. Calkins‚ Ph.D. and Gary Sullivan‚ University of Nebraska Importance of Beef Tenderness Beef palatability is affected by many factors and tenderness is cited as one of the most important. Consumers are willing to pay a premium for a guaranteed tender product with the potential to increase the value of the middle meats over $60 per carcass (Miller et al.‚ 2001). Consequently‚ the meat industry is in a continual search for methods to improve the
Premium Enzyme
esterification reaction that was carried out in this lab is shown in figure 1. It worth mentioning that the by-product of such reaction is water. In organic chemistry‚ the reaction in which water molecule is released is known as condensation reaction (Hornback‚ 2006). Figure1 is drawn using Chem Sketch software. a) b) Figure 1: Typical Fischer esterification reaction (a) in comparison to the specific esterification reaction used in this lab (b) The reaction can also be categorized in terms of
Premium Acetic acid Carboxylic acid Ester
indicated by a very pale pink color. To calculate the molarity of NaOH‚ the following equation was used MNaOH x VNaOH = MKHP x VKHP therefore the molarity was .125 M. INTRODUCTION This lab experiment covers the preparation of standard solution and the acid/base titration. The first part of the lab is to prepare a standard solution of Potassium hydrogen per. A standard solution is a solution of known concentration‚ in which it is prepared using exacting techniques to make sure that the molarity
Premium Sodium hydroxide Titration
Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed in a chemical reaction. This happens because enzymes are catalysts‚ so they speed up the activation rates that occur in living organisms. Without enzymes‚ it would be difficult to break down particles like food in the digestion system. Enzymes are all very specific to what chemical reactions they will work with‚ and the temperature‚ pH‚ and salt concentration have to be a specific levels in order for the enzyme to function. The structure of each enzyme has
Premium Enzyme Chemical reaction Metabolism
Lab #4: The Immune System Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to perform and understand the procedures of conducting an ELISA test to determine whether a particular antibody is present in a patient’s blood sample through a virtual simulation. Hypothesis: If I successfully complete this lab‚ I will then understand how to perform an ELISA test‚ the purpose an ELISA test‚ and also how to interpret the results of this test. Materials and Procedures: Materials: Howard Huges medical
Premium Antibody Immune system Immunology
College General Biology I Enzymes‚ test for effect of pH on catalase activity Purpose The main purpose of this experiment was to learn about enzymes and how to test for the effect of pH on catalase activity and to be able to tell if a reaction is an exergonic or endergonic process. Introduction Enzymes are made from amino acids‚ which are made from proteins. In order to make an enzyme‚ hundreds of amino acids are strung together in a very specific and unique order and eventually is folded
Premium Acid PH Chemical reaction
background information Enzymes are amino acids and proteins that speed up chemical reactions. they either build things or take things apart as needed . they are small (since they can work in a small thing such as a cell) and their shape is the shape needed for substrates to fit in . enzymes are molecules that are organic in nature and catalyze specific chemical reactions. they are mainly built from hydrogen‚ carbon‚ and oxygen. they are proteins and also include other macromolecules
Premium Cell wall Chemical substance Catalysis
Period 12 Chemical Aspects of Life & Spit Lab ABSTRACT: The objective for the Spit lab was to test two different types of crackers for the presence or absence of starch and of reducing sugars. Also‚ to test the chewed cracker‚ the one that didn’t have a reducing sugar‚ for the presence or absence of a reducing sugar with the saliva in it. Adding on‚ another part of the objective is to determine the effect of amylase on starch. For the Chemical Aspects lab‚ the objectives were to test for the presence
Premium Glucose Enzyme Fructose
Tittle : Investigation of the Enzymatic Effects of Materials on Hydrogen Peroxide Solution Objective: To investigates the enzymatic effect of various materials in the hydrogen peroxide solution. Table 1 Test Tube Contents with 5 cm3 hydrogen peroxide Observations before and after using wood splint Observation of after Observation of after adding hydrogen using wooden glowing peroxide splinter 1 Fresh liver Moderate
Premium Oxygen Hydrogen peroxide Catalase