There are COX enzyme isoforms include COX-1 and COX-2. (Figure 3.8) These enzymes originate from different genes and have distinct tissue-specific expressions and biologic functions. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and believed to responsible for the production of prostanoids in homeostasis‚ such as gastric epithelial cytoprotection and renal blood flow maintenance. COX-2 expression is inducibly expressed only at marginal levels under condition in many tissues and is upregulated
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measure the enzyme activity of β-galactosidase in the different concentrations of o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) using a spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was also set at 420nm‚ a wavelength which is best for recording the absorbance values for the experiment. From the results‚ 0.9mM ONPG solution has the highest absorbance and 0.1mM ONPG solution has the least. Also‚ 0.5mM ONPG solution has the highest rate of enzyme activity and it is the most efficient as the enzyme activity of the ONPG
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time is regulated by a motor control system which is paralleled by the retinal circuitry in our eyes. In the Asari and Meister paper‚ they were able to experimentally prove the functional role of amacrine cells in retinal dynamics. In this thought paper I will argue that together with the bipolar and ganglion cells‚ the amacrine cells operate in a parametric system similar to the feedback and feedforward systems found in motor control. In order to determine the role of the amacrine cells they needed
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You will submit the completed chart and the reflection to your instructor. Human vs.________|# of differences in the amino acid sequence| Rhesus monkey|1| Horse|3| Donkey|3| Common zebra|11| Pig‚ cow‚ sheep|10| Dog|9| Gray whale|10| Rabbit|8| Kangaroo|10| Chicken‚ turkey|12| Penguin|12| Pekin duck|14| Snapping turtle|18| Rattlesnake|22| Bullfrog|26| Tuna|29| Screwfly fly|32| Silkworm moth|36| Tomato horn worm|37| Wheat|37| Rice|38| Baker’s Yeast|42| Candida Yeast|48| Neurospora|50|
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Stem cells are unique because they have the ability to generate new cells of any kind during early life and growth. There are about 200 different types of cells in the body; such as muscle‚ skin and brain cells. Most of these cells have to be repaired or replaced once in a while. For example our taste buds are replaced every 10 days‚ skin cells every couple of weeks and liver cells every 300-500 days. Stem cells serve as an internal repair system dividing essentially without limit to replenish
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I. Title. Restriction Enzyme Mapping of pBR322 Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. II. Authors. Author: Partner: Section: Thursday‚ 1:10 pm Date of Experiment: October 25‚ 2012 III. Introduction. Restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases)‚ originally isolated from Haemophilus influenzae in 1970‚ are enzymes within a cell that cleave foreign DNA within a specific and predictable nucleotide sequence (known as a restriction site) regardless of the source of such DNA. Such restriction
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Biology Enzymes IA Design Introduction: Enzymes are globular proteins‚ they are responsible for most of the chemical activities of a living organism. They act as catalysts‚ substances that affects the reaction of other substances without being destroyed or altered during the process. They are extremely efficient in the body system of living organisms‚ one enzyme may catalyse over a thousand chemical reactions every second. But there are certain conditions that need to be fulfilled in order for the
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Enzymes are catalytic proteins which speed up the rate of reactions. Every enzyme has a specific function – meaning‚ they can only bind to certain substrates. Because these enzymes are proteins‚ they can be denatured. Enzymes can be denatured by many factors‚ such as pH and temperature. This lab was divided into three parts which examined the effects of pH‚ enzyme concentration and temperature on the rate of which enzymes catalyze. The pH is an index of hydrogen ions. In acidic conditions‚ where
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light on how to treat diseases‚ thus different quantitative experimental techniques and mathematical analyses for improving biological research are available‚ yet healthcare costs are skyrocketing‚ and the knowledge on how macromolecules work and how cells regulate gene expression has been a quandary. Biology is a highly fragmented science with delicate details at all levels where macromolecules perform a wide array of functions necessary for the survival and growth of living organisms and hence important
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Enzyme Activity Name: Daniel Franco Instructor: Professor Jennifer Frere Date: 03.08.2015 Predictions Sucrase will have the greatest activity at pH 6 Sucrase will have the greatest activity at 60 °C (140 °F) Sucrase activity decreases with increasing sucrose concentration Materials and Methods Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity Dependent Variable amount of product (glucose and fructose) produced Independent Variable pH Controlled Variables temperature‚ amount of
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