In the nineteenth century‚ Germany was struggling to unify after the failure of the Frankfort Assembly of 1848‚ which was meant to unify Germany. In 1862‚ William I‚ formerly known as Frederick William IV‚ was appointed king of the military state known as Prussia. As a result of disputes from the rising middle class‚ William I choose to hire Otto von Bismarck as chancellor in order to quiet the unrest. Otto von Bismarck was a realpolitik‚ someone whose decisions were based on practicality‚ not morals
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EnlightenmentThe 18th Century Enlightenment: | What is the enlightenment? Well Immanuel Kant responded‚ "Dare to know." Those who advocated enlightenment were convinced that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason‚ science‚ and humanity. Such thinkers were called philosophes in France. These philosophes would gather around in salons‚ which were discussion groups organized by women. The early Enlightenment was deeply rooted in the Scientific Revolution
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In 17th-18th century Europe‚ the age of absolutism‚ absolute monarchs ruled most of Europe in countries such as Prussia‚ France‚ and the Holy Roman Empire. Absolute monarchs are rulers that have complete control over the government and its people. They claimed to rule by “divine right‚” where their authority comes from God and they were above the law. The views of being a proper role as an absolute monarch differed very much between rulers and their subjects. Certain rulers had ideas that both the
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The Enlightenment era and the Romantic era was a time of progression. Each time period offered its own views on the natural world and religion. The Enlightenment era also known as the Age of Reason showed that observation‚ empiricism‚ and reason were to be the foundation and the terms to which everything was held to. Whereas‚ the Romantic era took a particular emphasis on the individual and sought to combat classism as well as rebellion against social rules; the enlightenment and romantic era were
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Catherine the Great originally named Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst became empress of Russia at 33 after over throwing her husband Peter III. Catherine was actively engaged with the Enlightenment and was up to date with French Philosophes and the Enlightenment. Whilst ruling she often tried to better the lives of others; she wrote a document on reforming the legal system‚ she developed a better education and arts system and she gave the serfs and nobles more freedom. Catherine’s first
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AP World History Chapter 21- Things to Know People to Know: Nicholas Copernicus- (1473-15430) A Polish astronomer and Aristotelian Scholar‚ who investigated the old geocentric theory that assumed that the sun‚ the planets‚ and the stars all circled the earth. Tycho Brahe- (1546-1601) A Danish astronomer‚ aided by his sister‚ Sophia‚ had recorded hundreds of observations that pointed to difficulties in the Ptolemaic explanation. He also attempted to find a compromise between the Ptolemaic
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the living proof of Johnson’s affirmation. From 1689 to 1799‚ Enlightened Despotism‚ also known as enlightenment from above‚ was enforced by these rulers with the main objective of obtaining more power by securing the economic and educational improvement of their subjects. In contrast with Joseph II‚ Maria Theresa and Peter the Great did not consider themselves enlightened rulers. Nevertheless‚ their reforms fit within the Enlightened Despotism
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In the 18th century‚ Europeans experienced the beginning of the age of knowledge‚ advancements in science and math‚ and the age of Enlightenment. The views on the advancements made in society were very optimistic. People began to rely more on science‚ than religion‚ to better explain the world and the society. These optimistic ideas of the Enlightenment were expressed mainly in literature and essays. The Enlightenment thinkers used the scientific method to apply in society to justify world beliefs
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Europe and the American colonies during the 18th century prior to the French Revolution. The phrase was frequently employed by writers of the period itself‚ convinced that they were emerging from centuries of darkness and ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason‚ science‚ and a respect for humanity. The precursors of the Enlightenment can be traced to the 17th century and earlier. They include the philosophical rationalists René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza‚ the political philosophers Thomas
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Great Frederick the Great was one of the most influential and powerful Kings of Prussia. One of his main achievements was several military victories‚ which lead to the expansion of the Prussia. Nevertheless‚ Fredrick was one of the advocators of enlightened absolutism‚ which was a form of absolute monarchy that supported enlightenment. During that time‚ people perceived other monarchs as demigods‚ but they saw Fredrick the Great as an open atheist‚ someone who gave unexpected high religious freedom
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