safranin‚ alcohol‚ iodine 6. Following a Gram stain you observe clear‚ glassy areas inside the bacterial cells. What does this suggest? Which stain would you use to confirm this? A. A simple stain B. A flagellar stain C. Another Gram stain D. An endospore stain E. An acid-fast stain 7. The presence of a capsule around bacterial cells usually indicates their increased disease-causing potential and resistance to disinfection. Capsules are generally viewed by ________ A. spore staining. B. scanning electron
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Tetanus is a disease that is now considered rare in developed countries such as the United States‚ however it is still an issue in underdeveloped countries. Clostridium tetani is the obligate anaerobic gram positive endospore that is responsible for the disease tetanus. Clostridium tetani spores are ubiquitous. They can be found in soil‚ animal feces and manure. Clostridium tetani spores can tolerate temperature of more than 100 degrees Celsius. Tetanus is the only disease that is vaccine preventable
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fixation Gas vacuoles: protein covered cylinder Magnetosomes: Iron oxide kills H2O2 Nuclear Area: no nucleus has nucleoid Ribosomes make protein Endospores: resting‚ not growing‚ resistant to desiccation‚ heat‚ chemicals. Bacillus‚ Clostridium a. Sporulation: Endospore formation b. Germination: return to vegetative state c. After endospore forms bacterial cells die d. Dormancy: Sporulation occurs surrounding cell dies away. Temp. gets better it germinates and continues its growth Eukaryotic
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clusters‚ singly Small - Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria 2 Gram negative (pink) Rods (shorter than B. cereus) Rounded‚ regular‚ pair‚ clusters Medium - Escherichia coli Bacteria 3 Gram positive (purple) Long rods Rounded‚ irregular‚ groups‚ chains Large Endospores present; spherical‚ central‚ not distending the cell Bacillus cereus Table 2. The observation of the colonies on the nutrient agar plates after incubated Three isolation techniques were used; streak plate‚ spread plate and pour plate and the
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INTRODUCTION 1)Several specialized forensic fields are devoted to studying biological evidence at a crime scene. One of these fields is forensic palynology‚ the study of pollen and spore evidence to help solve criminal cases 2)A spore is another kind of reproductive structure that can develop into an adult that is found in certain protists (algae)‚ plants‚ and fungi 3)The use of both pollen and spores in forensic studies is based on Locard’s principle of exchange POLLEN PRODUCERS 1)Knowledge of
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Study Guide Notes ¡V Test 1 CHAPTER 1 1. Linnaeus ¡V naming system Hooke ¡V cells in cork Van Leeuwenhoek ¡V animalcules (1st obs. of live microorganisms) Redi ¡V experiment to disprove spontaneous generation ¡V meat Needham ¡V experiment to prove spontaneous generation ¡V broth (vital force) Spallanzani ¡V heated broth did not develop microbial growth Virchow ¡V biogenesis (living can only arise from preexisting living) Pasteur ¡V air contained‚ but did not produce‚ microbes (broth‚ s-flasks);
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Abstract This experiment was carried out to perform staining methods on microbes‚ explain the mechanisms of staining‚ namely‚ simple staining‚ and learn how to use the microscope. The experiment setting was kept as sterile as possible when conducting the experiment. The microbes under the microscope were drawn out and labelled. In conclusion‚ different staining techniques are used to determine the presence of certain exterior structures of the bacteria like the cell envelope or just to identify
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consists of pili (Todar‚ n.d). The pili on this pathogen work with the toxin‚ adenylate cyclase‚ to bind Bordetella pertussis to human respiratory epithelium (Hartsock‚ n.d.) While this pathogen does produce toxins‚ it does not form endospores (Finger & von Koenig‚ 1996). Endospores allow cells to survive in very complex environments‚ and they are dormant cells. This means that Bordetella pertussis isn’t capable of surviving in harsh environments. Spores are
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STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION Definitions Bacteriostatic Agent: An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria‚ but does not necessarily kill them. Bactericide: An agent that kills bacteria. Most do not kill Endospores. Sporicide: An agent that kills spores. Definition STERILIZATION The process of freeing an article from microorganisms including their spores. By definition‚ it effects a reduction in the number of microorganisms (more than 99.9999% are killed). Methods
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death. Along with tainted meat‚ the bacterium can normally be found within the human gastrointestinal tract‚ fecal matter‚ and soil. Its endospores can lie dormant for long periods of time until the right conditions present itself to begin its germination process. Whether or not careful food handling was present during its preparation‚ C. perfringens endospores can survive in proper cooking conditions and can withstand boiling temperatures for up to an hour 2. Due to its ability to germinate so rapidly
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