____ 3. Unlike bacteria‚ archaea a.|have cell walls.| b.|are prokaryotes.| c.|have two plasma membranes.| d.|are thought to be closely related to eukaryotes.| ____ 4. Bacteria that cause disease are called a.|viruses.| b.|pathogens.| c.|endospores.| d.|antibiotics.| ____ 5. Where are you likely to find a photoautotroph? a.|in your refrigerator| b.|in the darkness of the ocean| c.|in your digestive system| d.|near the surfaces of lakes‚ streams‚ and oceans| ____ 6. A method
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the dye B) the part of the dye that does not bind. C) the colored portion to the dye. D) part of the dye that is not seen. E) the part of the dye that is not used up.4.Which type of staining method would you use to determine endospore-forming cells from non-endospore-forming cells?A) regular stain B) simple stain C) differential stain D) specialized stain5.An acidic dye is:A) a dye the carries no charge. B) a dye the carries a negative charged chromophore. C) a dye that carries no chromophore
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to live harsh environments. Prokaryotes however are unable to live in very salty or sugary foods like cured meats or jams because they lack the essential nutrients that water etc provide. In response to these harsh conditions endospores are formed. In essence‚ endospores are a touch wall surrounding a set of chromosomes. Eventually as water is removed from the cell its metabolism halts and the rest of the cell disintegrates. In this manner prokaryotes die out in harsh conditions like sugary or
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#3. Name the types of microscopes. Simple Microscopes Compound Microscopes Scanning Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope #4. Identify these stains: (Functions and Reagents) Simple Stain- CULTURES: Staphylococcus epidermis slant Bacillus megaterium broth MATERIALS USED: Methylene blue‚ Distilled water‚ Slide‚ Inoculating Loop FUNCTION: To observe shape size‚ morphology‚ and arrangement. ---FROM SOLID: (slant) 1. Mark the smears on the underside
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pathogenic bacteria. Bacillus subtilis‚ known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus‚ is a Gram-positive‚ catalase-positive bacterium (1). A member of the genus Bacillus‚ B. subtilis is rod-shaped‚ and has the ability to form a tough‚ protective endospore‚ allowing the organism to tolerate extreme environmental conditions (2). Although this species is commonly found in soil‚ more evidence suggests that B. subtilis is a normal gut commensal in humans. As a model organism B. subtilis is commonly used
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For my project‚ I chose tetanus because when I was eleven‚ I got my tetanus shot. At the time‚ I didn’t know what tetanus was so my dad explained it to me. I thought the topic was interesting. At the time‚ I thought that tetanus was only caused by rust getting on an open wound or cutting yourself with something rusty. I only knew that it stiffened your face muscles and could kill you. When I saw tetanus on the list on Edmodo‚ I just knew I had to learn more about it. I am so glad that I chose it
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LAB REPORT NUMBER TWO DATE: 3/25/2010 inal attachment Lab Experiment number 11 PURPOSE: To learn the Gram stain technique‚ the reason for the stain‚ and how to identify the results of the organisms stained. MATERIALS: Bunsen burner‚ inoculating loop‚ staining tray‚ glass slides‚ bibulous paper‚ lens paper‚ oil‚ and microscope METHODS: Apply Crystal Violet (Primary stain) for 1 minute. Rinse with D-water Apply Iodine (Mordant) for 1 minute. Rinse with D-water. Apply Alcohol (Decolorize) for
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Prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Most prokaryotes are small‚ single-celled organisms that have a relatively simple structure. Prokaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane‚ but they have no internal membrane-bound organelles within their cytoplasm. The absence of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles differentiates prokaryotes from another class of organisms called eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are similar in their chemical
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from proper Gram staining technique. If there is deviation from gram staining‚ gram positive bacteria may stain and look like they are gram negative‚ or vice versa. Exercise 10 -- Miscellaneous Staining State the purpose of the acid-fast‚ endospore‚ and capsule stains. Acid-Fast Stain Another example of a differential stain. Used to diagnose diseases like Tuberculosis. Stains mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis Mycobacteria contains mycolic acid (waxy substance) in the cell wall and
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safranin counterstain GRAM NEGATIVE CELL WALL 10 5 ENDOSPORES 11 Resting‚ dormant cells produced by some G+ genera: Clostridium‚ Bacillus & Sporosarcina Have a 2-phase life cycle – vegetative cell & an endospore sporulation -formation of endospores germination- return to vegetative growth hardiest of all life forms withstand extremes in heat‚ drying‚ freezing‚ radiation & chemicals not a means of reproduction ENDOSPORES 12 resistance linked to high levels of calcium & dipicolinic
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