THE SCIENCES OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CH 1 STUDY GUIDE 1.1 Anatomy and Physiology Compared A. Anatomy: the science of body structures and the relationships among structures B. Physiology: the study of body functions – how the body parts work 1.2 Anatomy and Physiology Integrated A. Anatomy and physiology initially may appear to be different sciences‚ but further reflection reveals that these two sciences are integrated‚ because form (anatomy) and function
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contains incisors‚ canines and molar teeth in both jaws and the molars are ridged. The jaw moves up and down. This fact‚ together with the ridging of the molars indicates that they are used for tearing or crushing to break down the foodstuffs. The salivary glands serve merely to lubricate‚ and do not have an important digestive function. The rabbit’s lip grabs the plant first and then the front teeth called incisors — four upper and two lower — neatly slice off pieces of the plant. The food is then passed
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Community and ecosystem diversity Every species‚ varying from bacteria to higher plants and animals‚ stores an immense amount of genetic information. For example‚ the number of genes is about 450-700 in mycoplasma‚ 4000 in E. coli‚ 13000 in Drosophila melanogaster‚
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year REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Aedes aegypti as a Dengue vector Water • Fresh • Brackish • Clear‚ turbid‚ or polluted Except with high salt concentration female mosquitoes blood feed primarily on humans Incubation of 714 days Salivary glands Larval stage: highly susceptible REVIEW OF
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places include in pheromone glands between the 8th and 9th segments of the lepidopteran abdomen and the aedaegal glands of most insects (Gieselhardt et al. 2008‚ Roelofs and Brown 1982‚ Ayasse et al 2001). There are many other‚ more unexpected‚ locations at which pheromones are released or stored. These include the antennae of many parasitic wasps (Isidoro et al. 1996)‚ the cuticle of insects in the form of lipids (Jurenka et al. 2007)‚ venom glands of ants and mandibular glands of some flightless bees
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Normal | Inspect the neck. | Upon inspection patient’s neck is symmetric with head centered without bulging masses/ | Normal | Inspect movement of the neck structures. | Upon inspection the thyroid cartilage‚ criroid cartilage and thyroid gland move upward symmetrically as the patient swallows. | Normal | Inspect the cervical vertebrae. | Upon inspection C7 (vertebrae prominens) is visible and palpable | Normal | Inspect the range of motion | Upon inspection neck movement is smooth
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chemical and mechanical digestion occurs. Food inters the mouth and is chewed by the teeth‚ turned over and mixed with saliva by the tongue. The sensations of smell and taste from the food sets up reflexes which stimulate the salivary glands‚ saliva is produced by the salivary glands and is released into the mouth. Saliva begins to break down the food‚ moistening it and making it easier to swallow and contains a digestive enzyme called amylase which breaks down the carbohydrates (starches and
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I.INTRODUCTIONAcute Gastroenteritis (AGE)Gastroenteritis is a catchall term for infection or irritation of the digestive tract‚ particularly thestomach and intestine. It is frequently referred to as the stomach or intestinal flu‚ although theinfluenzavirus is not associated with this illness. Major symptoms includenausea andvomiting‚ diarrhea‚ and abdominal cramps. These symptoms are sometimes also accompanied byfever and overall weakness. Gastroenteritis typically lasts about three days. Adults
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Cystic fibrosis is a crippling disease that affects thousands of people worldwide. Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease of the secretory glands that causes persistent lung infections and limits the ability to breathe over time. It causes cells to produce thick and sticky mucus‚ sweat‚ and digestive juices that block airways‚ ducts‚ and passageways. There is no cure‚ but there are ways to manage symptoms. According to the World Health Organization‚ the occurrence of cystic fibrosis varies across
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Saliva Lab Since the amylase enzyme is present in saliva‚ starch digestion begins in the mouth. Salivary amylase changes the polysaccharide starch into many disaccharide molecules of maltase (a simple sugar) which are further broken down into glucose units by maltase enzyme in the As stated above‚ saliva contains the amylase enzyme which begins the breakdown of starches. The efficiency of starch digestion by amylase can be measured by how much simple sugar it produces under
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