The thyroid gland • • • • • anatomic considerations Formation and secretion of thyroid hormones Transport and metabolism of thyroid hormones Effects of thyroid hormones Regulation of thyroid secretion introduction: the thyroid gland • The thyroid gland maintains the level of metabolism in the tissues that is optimal for their normal function. • Thyroid hormones stimulate the O2 consumption of most of the cells in the body • Thyroid hormones help regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism • Thyroid
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Thyroid glands control how human body uses energy. The thyroid produces calcitonin‚ which plays role in calcium homeostasis. In such a way‚ the thyroid contributes to the regulation of the level of calcium in human body. Parathyroid glands are located behind thyroid and produce parathyroid hormone in response to the low calcium level stimulating the production of calcium and balancing the amount of calcium in human body. In such a way‚ thyroid generates calcitonin‚ whereas parathyroid glands regulate
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Endocrine Case Histories - Case 28 A 21-year-old noncompliant male with a history of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was found in a coma. His blood glucose was high‚ as well as his urine glucose‚ urine ketones‚ and serum ketones. His serum bicarbonate was <12 mEq/L. His respiration was exaggerated and his breath had an acetone odor. His blood pressure was 90/60 and his pulse weak and rapid (120). ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form 1. Define noncompliant
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homeostasis of serum (blood calcium) levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid gland. The body maintains homeostasis of serum levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid glands because the thyroid secretes calcitonin and the parathyroid secretes parathyroid hormone. Both of these hormones help regulate blood calcium levels. 4. Explain the role the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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The endocrine system is one of our body systems that plays an important role in living. It comprises of many glands exerting hormones in maintaining the body’s internal environment also known as homeostasis. The endocrine system plays an important role in homeostasis because it maintains growth and development‚ maturation‚ reproduction‚ human behavior‚ metabolism‚ sexual function and controls functions of the tissues. It is partnered with the nervous system since the hypothalamus along with the pineal
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heredity on human behavior. This picture is what leads to the development of the nervous system and endocrine systems of a particular individual‚ which then produce hormones. Those hormones then switch on behaviors. Genetics is the study how traits are passed from one generation to the next through genes‚ which are found on chromosomes. Genes are responsible for the development of the nervous and endocrine systems; therefore‚ genes can influence the chance of a certain behavior occurring in a certain
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In vertebrates‚ the hypothalamus‚ located at the base if the brain‚ plays a central role in integrating the endocrine and nervous systems. The hypothalamus receives information from nerves throughout the body and the brain. (Mousa and Mousa‚ 2003) In response‚ the hypothalamus initiates endocrine signalling appropriate to environmental conditions. In many vertebrates’ nerve signals from the brain pass information to the hypothalamus about seasonal changes‚ therefore the hypothalamus regulates the
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Endocrine System Is a group of specialized organs and body tissues that produce‚ store‚ and secrete chemical substances known as hormones. As the body’s chemical messengers‚ hormones transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another. Because of the hormones they produce‚ endocrine organs have a great deal of influence over the body. Among their many jobs are regulating the body’s growth and development‚ controlling the function of various tissues‚ supporting pregnancy
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[4] (b) State the main function of the following: (i) Chordae tendinae It holds the valves of the heart in place. (ii) Lymphocytes (iii) Beta cells of pancreas Production of insulin. [3] (c) Give the exact location of the: (i) Thyroid gland Below larynx above pharynx in front of the neck. (ii) Mitral valve. On the left side of the heart. [2] (d) Given below are sets of five terms each. In each case rewrite the terms in logical sequence as directed at the
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Schuster C‚ Moar K‚ Mercer J‚ Morgan P. 2002 Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Acts as a Paracrine Regulator of Melatonin-responsive cells of the Ovine Pars Tuberalis 6 7. Simmonneaux V‚ Ribelayga C. 2003 Generation of the melatonin endocrine message in mammals: A review of the complex regulation of melatonin synthesis by norepinephrine‚ peptides‚ and other pineal transmitters. Pharmacological Reviews Vol.55 No.2 8 9. Tan D‚ Manchester M‚ Flores L‚ Reiter R. 2006 One molecule‚ many derivatives:
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