of messages into analog signals by a transmitter. Encoding is the process of converting the messages from their innate form (typically bits) into vectors of real numbers that represent the messages. Modulation is a procedure for converting the encoder-output real-number vectors into analog signals for transmission through a physical channel. Section 1.2 studies the theory of optimal detection‚ which depends on a probabilistic model for the communication channel. The channel distorts the transmitted
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BASIC FLOW OF COMMUNICATION Sender (Ideas) Message (encoded) Transmission (signals) Recipient (decodes) Receiver (meaning) FEEDBACK ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. SENDER – speaker or the communicator/encoder of a message MESSAGE – the idea being transmitted by the sender to the listener CHANNEL – medium or vehicle through which the message is sent RECEIVER – target of the communication because s/he has to decode the message being sent to him/her FEEDBACK
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communication which are context‚ sender encoder‚ message‚ medium‚ receiver decoder‚ and feedback. With every component of communication there is also a process of the six components. Context component is in every communication‚ written or verbal‚ and context is a broad term that every country and culture has their own conventions for processing. Sender Encoder component is the sender of the message whether the message is written or verbal there will always be a sender encoder in any type of communication.
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kHz. 1.2 Problem Identification In this project‚ a laser pointer is used to transmit analog signal wirelessly. In order to realize digital transmission‚ the analog signal must be converted into digital form using a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encoder. Before the signal can be decoded at the receiver end‚ frame synchronization must be achieved. Hence‚ a training sequence must be
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divided by a generator polynomial G(x).The Reed-Solomon codeword is generated using a special polynomial known as the Generator polynomial. All valid code words are exactly divisible by the generator polynomial. The generator polynomial of the RS encoder is represented
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information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols‚ signs‚ or behavior…” Basic communication theory posits four basic components for the successful completion of transmitting information (in a human context); the sender (or encoder)‚ the message‚ the medium by which the message/information is sent (e.g.‚ written‚ oral‚ audio‚ visual)‚ and the receiver or target of the communication information (decoder). Any disruption‚ garbling‚ malfunction‚ etc. at any point of that communication
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For the frequencies that are audible‚ re-scale the frequency coefficients so as to quantize them more coarsely. 6. Huffman code the quantized coefficients. Describe the purpose of each step? b) When MP3 is stored in a file‚ many good-quality MP3 encoders give the option of generating a constant bitrate (CBR) MP3 or a variable bitrate (VBR) MP3 file. For CBR and VBR files of the same size‚ the quality of the VBR file will be better. Explain why this is so. c) If a 128Kb/s MP3 file is decoded to an
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advantages include remote accessibility‚ high image quality‚ event management and intelligent video capabilities‚ easy integration possibilities and better scalability‚ flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Remote accessibility Network cameras and video encoders can be configured and accessed remotely‚ enabling multiple‚ authorized users to view live and recorded video at any
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communication is actually one-way. On the other hand‚ modern studies by theorists such as Stuart Hall dispute the one-way model and instead feel that communication is a two-way street‚ even going so far to say that decoders in fact influence the encoder into producing a message that the audience wants to receive. They believe that the audience has a right to choose whether or not to consume the messages produced‚ and that they are selective. Also‚ different cultural upbringings of the consumer and
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The rapid development in science and technology has paved its way for sophistication by automation. People now a days‚ are inclined towards devices that are sophisticated‚ simpler to use and secure. In this project entitled “Home Appliances Control using Different Controlling Modes “‚ a prototype is developed which shows how the best utilization of technology can be made in order to secure a home not only from threat but also by ensuring all the safety measures. The
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