1‚2-alkenes can be described as cis- or trans- (review) More complex alkenes are best described as E- or Z- based on the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules (review) Stability: There are 3 factors that influence alkene stability: 1. Degree of substitution: more highly alkylated alkenes are more stable‚ so tetra > tri > di > mono-substituted. 2. Stereochemistry: trans > cis due to reduced steric interactions when R groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. 3. Conjugated alkenes are more
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Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
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0 PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH- 160 014 (INDIA) (Estted. under the Panjab University Act VII of 1947-enacted by the Govt. of India) FACULTY OF SCIENCE SYLLABI FOR M.Sc. (TWO YEAR COURSE ) IN CHEMISTRY 1st & 2nd YEAR( Semester System) EXAMINATIONS 2013-2014 --:O:-- 1 OUTLINES OF TESTS‚ SYLLABI AND COURSES OF READING FOR M.Sc. FIRST YEAR (SEMESTER-I) EXAMINATION OF 2013 OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE To teach the fundamental concepts of Chemistry and their applications. The syllabus pertaining
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equatorial. Draw this most stable conformation of glucose. Reactive intermediates and their properties (Chpt 5): 4. Draw the Lewis structures of methyl carbanion‚ methyl carbocation‚ methyl radical‚ and methylene carbene. Which is the most electrophilic? Which is the most nucleophilic? 5. Write a mechanism for the light-initiated reaction of cyclohexane with chlorine to give chlorocyclohexane. Draw a reaction-energy diagram for the propagation steps. You can assume that the first propagation
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molecules. Alkenes are sp2 hybridized and are unsaturated because two of their hydrogen’s are missing from the saturated alkane formula (CnH2n+2). Typically alkenes are synthesized by elimination reactions‚ however‚ organic molecules can also undergo substitution reactions
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CHM456 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 LABORATORY Contact hours: 3 hours/week Laboratory textbook: Pavia‚ Lampman‚ Kriz and Engel‚ Introduction to Organic Laboratoy Techniques 3rd Edition (2011) ** Students MUST obtain a copy of the textbook Synopsis This is an organic chemistry practical course which reinforce the theory and concepts studied in Organic Chemistry 1 (CHM456). It covers the learning of simple laboratory techniques such as reflux‚ distillation‚ extraction‚ crystallization and melting point
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formation of an alcohol group at 3460 wavenumbers and the presence of aromatic rings at 1600 and 1490 wavenumbers which confirms the successful formation of triphenylmethanol. Introduction: The Grignard reagent is an effective reducing agent that may be used to reduce a ketone to an alcohol. Generally‚ the Grignard reagent is represented by an alkyl- or aryl-magnesium halide. The nucleophilic Grignard reagent attacks an electrophilic carbon‚ which results in the formation of a carbon-carbon bond.
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Arenes The aromatic hydrocarbons also have the name arenes. They contain in their molecule one or more cycles made up from 6 carbon atoms. When the molecule is formed out of a single cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are mono nucleuses; when the molecule contains more than one cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are poly nucleuses. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon‚ benzene‚ is compound out of just one such cycle; its formula is C6H6. The representation of benzene through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds
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other compounds gave a negative result since they are all hydrocarbons. INTRODUCTION Hydrocarbons are organic materials that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms‚ these molecules can be saturated or unsaturated and acyclic‚ cyclic‚ or aromatic. In this experiment we used a variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. The first experiment we tested a variety of solvents to see if they dissolved our alkane (Decalin). One would expect that non-polar
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napthalene and toulene were given to serve as reference standards to characterize and distinguish four unknown given samples. Nitration‚ bromine and basic oxidation testswere conducted to classify the different samples from being an aliphatic‚ or aromatic‚ saturated or unsaturated and alkylated or non-alkylated hydrocarbons. The physical state and color were noted by simple physical observation. The unknown samples were characterized and differentiated by using the three different tests to distinguish
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