physical properties and chemical properties in terms ofstructure and behaviour. Nitration test (test for the presence of aromatic ring)‚ Bromine test (test for the presence of unsaturation)‚ and Basic oxidation test (test for an alkyl substituted benzine) were done. We were given an unknown which we tested (Nitration‚Bromine‚ Basic oxidation) and found out that it was an aromatic unsaturated hydro carbon. Keywords: hydrocarbons‚ hexane/ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ naphthalene‚ toluene
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converted to the orange sodium salt known as the methyl orange. INTRODUCTION Para-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol dye and methyl orange belong to a class of dyes known as “azo colors” which contain the azo group linked to two aromatic nuclei. The nature of the aromatic substituent’s on both sides of the azo group (-N=N-) controls the colors of the azo compound as well as the water- solubility of dyes and how well they bind to a particular fabric. In addition to the azo group‚ the dyes
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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1.Pyridine physical properties are stable‚ cyclic‚ 6 results - π π- electron deficient ‚ the aromatic ring structure containing a nitrogen atom. 2.Carbon Ring atom in the ring nitrogen stronger than the negative power ‚ thus making the two ‚ 4 - and 6 - ring carbon atom ratio ‚ otherwise it will be more electropositive ‚From the knowledge of the chemistry of the benzene ring can be expected . Aromatic π - electron system does not lone pair of electrons involved On the nitrogen atom ‚ so that the
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hydrocarbon while coal is an important source of aromatic hydrocarbons. The oil trapped inside the rocks is known as petroleum. PETRA – ROCK‚ OLEUM – OIL. The oil in the petroleum field is covered with a gaseous mixture known as natural gas. The main constituents of the natural gas are methane‚ ethane‚ propane and butane. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS: HYDROCARBON Acyclic or Aliphatic Carbocyclic or Cyclic ( Open chain) Alicyclic Aromatic Alkanes Alkenes Alkyne Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes
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The percent yield was calculated to be 171% indicating a source of error. The high percent yield was due to the product being wet since we did not have enough time to dry the product with the vacuum filter—since we had to evacuate the building due to the fire alarm. If we were able to vacuum filter our product more‚ the percent yield would be close to 100%. 1. Assign the peaks in your NMR spectrum of your salicylic acid. See NMR spectrum on back 2. Assign the peaks in the IR spectrum of your salicylic
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polyhalogen compounds. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloarenes Halogenated compounds persist in the environment due to their resistance to breakdown by soil bacteria. 10 Unit The replacement of hydrogen atom(s) in a hydrocarbon‚ aliphatic or aromatic‚ by halogen atom(s) results in the formation of alkyl halide (haloalkane) and aryl halide (haloarene)‚ respectively. Haloalkanes contain halogen atom(s) attached to the sp3 hybridised carbon atom of an alkyl group whereas haloarenes contain halogen
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Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified KMnO4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of KMnO4 occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + [O] + H2O → CH2 – CH2 ⏐ ⏐ OH OH (a) Insert a glowing splint into the hydrocarbon hydrocarbons: Burns with smoky flame Aromatic hydrocarbons (b) Add concentrated nitric(v) acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at 55 °C: Yellow oil with bitter almond smell produced benzene NO2 + HNO3 (HONO2) Alkylbenzenes – CH3 CH3 + H2O Add alkaline KMnO4 and boil:
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Methyl Benzoate Date of Completion: February 29‚ 2012 Date Report Submitted: March 14‚ 2012 Objective of Experiment: The purpose of this experiment is was to synthesize methyl 3-nitro benzoate from methyl benzoate through an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Chemical Equation: Materials: Name of Compound Molecular weight MP/BP Grams Used Moles Used Methyl benzoate 136.16 g/mol -12.5 OC /199.6 OC 0.28g 2.056*10-3 Sulfuric acid 63.01 g/mol 10 OC /337OC 0.8g 1.2*10-2 Nitric
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is very reactive as it more nucleophilic. Nucleophiles are compounds negatively charged in other word positive charge loving that donate their pair of electrons to form a new bond. They can also be called Lewis bases as they accept proton from electrophilic species. Grignard reagent can be simply prepared by redox reaction of magnesium metal and alkyl halide in dry diethyl ether solvent. In this experiment the alkyl halide use is bromobenzene‚ to form the reagent phenylmagnesium bromide. Figure
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