Antenna Basics Theory Basic terms Basic antenna types 1 ©Kathrein/Scholz 07/04 Antenna Basics / Theory What is an antenna ? An antenna is the converter between two kinds of electromagnetic waves : cable bounded waves ⇔ free space waves 2 ©Kathrein/Scholz 07/04 Antenna Basics / Theory antenna principle shown by bending a coax cable open the pulsing electrical field‚ created by the transmitter‘s high frequency power‚ cannot leave the cable the field lines
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energy is transferred via the motion of the medium. An example of a mechanical wave is sound. Transverse waves are waves which vibrate perpendicular to their direction of propagation. Surface water waves can be classified as a transverse wave. All electromagnetic waves are also examples of transverse waves. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which its particles vibrate parallel to their direction of propagation. Sound waves‚ earthquake waves and tsunami waves are examples of longitudinal waves. Some terms
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transmitters‚ which are then converted into electrical signals with an aerial (which is made out of metal to absorb the radio waves) so you can hear and see them. When done so the aerial converts this wave into an electrical signal (because of the electromagnetic waves energy exciting particles in the aerial and causing them to oscillate/vibrate and thus create an electrical current) this electrical signal is an alternating current which has the same frequency as the radio wave. This electrical energy
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spectroscopy to evaluate light absorption in different solutions. A spectrophotometer was used in the lab to determine these values. A spectrophotometer is an apparatus used to “measure the absorption of radiation in the visible and UV regions of the spectrum and allows precise at a particular wave length” (Jones et al.‚ 2007). The amount of light absorbed by a substance is directly in relation to the concentration of the solute and also the wavelength moving through the solute (Jones et al.‚ 2007). This
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the colours pink‚ red‚ mauve‚ violet and blue which are found in flowers‚ fruit and vegetables. These have a function in reproduction. Figure 4: Malvidin present in grapes (http://www.friedli.com/herbs/phytochem/anthocyanins.gif) The Visible Spectrum The mixture of chlorophyll found in spinach absorbs many wavelengths of the visible light. The absorbance peaks ranges 400 – 500nm is the blue range and 600 -700 nm the yellow- red range. The two principles of this light absorption stated (Practical
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one-to-one private networks based on personal handshaking‚ device personalization‚ security are enabled by the redtaction. WORKING PRINCIPLE • “RedTacton” takes a different technical approach. Instead of relying on electromagnetic waves or light waves to carry data. • RedTacton uses weak electric fields on the surface of the body as a transmission medium. • “RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal vary according to
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1901. He later filed a patent for the Apparatus for the Utilization of Radiant Energy. This basically was a Photoelectric alternating current stepping motor. Heinrich Hertz observed the photoelectric effect and the production and reception of electromagnetic waves. His receiver consisted of a coil with a spark gap‚ where a spark would be seen upon detection of EM waves. He used this device to study the photoelectric effect. In today ’s society‚ photocells are widely used. They are within many electronic
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the core density decreases with distance from the center. This causes a curving of the light beams. Fiber-optic cable is used in backbone networks‚ cable TV networks‚ and Fast Ethernet networks. * Unguided media (usually air) transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical
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Title : The Beer-Lambert Law and Its Limitation Objective : 1. To determine the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing species. 2. To study the effects of molecular dissociation complex formation on the applicability of the Beer-Lambert Law. 3. To investigate the derivation and limitation of Beer-Lambert Law. Introduction: In optics‚ the Beer–Lambert law‚ also known as Beer ’s law‚ the Lambert–Beer law‚ or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law relates the absorption
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wants to know something about the wavelengths that make up a particular type of radiation (i.e.‚ the spectrum of radiation)‚ one could use an object such as simple diffraction parallel-slit grating in the form of a spectrometer. For example‚ molecules‚ atoms‚ and nuclei typically radiate or scatter radiation that corresponds to discrete frequencies and hence discrete wavelengths‚ λ. Knowing the spectrum (the intensity and wavelengths) of these radiations can tell us a lot about the molecule‚ atom
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