X-radiation (which is composed of X-rays‚ hence the name) falls under electromagnetic radiation. X-rays and gamma rays are sometimes confused‚ but they are different‚ as X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus whilst gamma rays are produced inside the nucleus. X-rays have extremely small
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considerably. The requirement of the system is that it is to be installed without any cables attached to the sensor nodes. This calls for wireless communication‚ and that for that antennas are needed. A train is a difficult environment to transmit electromagnetic (EM) waves in. It is full of metal and EM-waves cannot pass through a conducting material. Having much metal in its vicinity also affects the function of the antenna. This needs to be taken into consideration when making the design. The constructed
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Spectrophotometry. Spectroscopy‚ and the Spectrometer Spectroscopy is the branch of science concerned with the investigation and measurement spectra produced when mater interacts with or emits electromagnetic radiation Meanwhile‚ spectrophotometry is the measurement of color in a solution by determining the amount of light absorbed in the ultraviolet‚ infrared‚ or visible spectrum. A spectrophotometer is an instrument often used to compare the intensity of light from a regulated or standard
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properties of this spectrum include also waves‚ which can be any length‚ and define the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. Ranging from gamma rays to radio waves‚ an electromagnetic spectrum includes each phase of light that can be detected by all organisms‚ not just humans. Light and matter have a perfect relationship in which matter emits and absorbs light in a series of electromagnetic waves and particles. Their interaction produces wavelengths that are mainly charged electrons. Essentially
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to their ground state‚ several distinct energy emissions occur. Electrons may become excited when a sample of matter is heated or subjected to an electrical current. The energy that electrons emit when returning to the ground state is electromagnetic radiation‚ or EMR. Sometimes the EMR can be seen as visible light. In 1900‚ Max Planck studied visible emissions from hot glowing solids. He proposed that light was emitted in packets of energy called quanta and that the energy of each packet was
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all the light shown in the surfaces. They also radiate almost perfectly. The temperature of the black body object determine the distribution of colors or wavelengths in the admitted line. A good example of black body radiation is the heat inside a stove‚ electromagnetic radiation light and heat exist in a form of standing waves‚ waves like the vibration of a guitar string is attached in both ends. The ends of the standing waves do not move‚ the are attached to the side of the stove‚ and many waves
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1. Define land resource surveying methodology. Identify the two approaches in land resource surveying methodology. 2. Discuss the contributions of Aristotle‚ Louise Deguerre‚ Argo‚ Loussedat and Deville in enriching the science of topographic surveying. 3. The atmosphere influences EMR in two ways. Discuss them. 1. According to Professor Masaka (2011) Land resource survey methodology can be defined as the starting point for any natural resource management policy has to be an inventory of
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(infrasonic) to 20‚000 (ultrasonic) hertz. We can’t hear above 20‚000 hertz or below 20 hertz (ultra and infrasonic waves). Light is both part particle and part wave. Light is "the electromagnetic radiation that may be perceived by the human eye". It consists of photons‚ which are massless bundles of concentrated electromagnetic energy. Light’s lower frequency is red‚ and the higher frequency is blue. Like sound‚ light has frequencies humans can’t detect. Ultraviolet light is at a frequency higher than
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gas held together by its own gravity in which the energy generated by nuclear reactions in the interior is balanced by the outflow of energy to the surface‚ and the inward-directed gravitational forces are balanced by the outward-directed gas and radiation pressures. Nova: A star that suddenly becomes much brighter and then gradually returns to its original brightness over a period of weeks to years. Supernova: A rare celestial phenomenon involving the explosion of most of the material in a star
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XRD – X-Ray Diffraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful non-destructive technique for characterizing crystalline materials. It provides information on structures‚ phases‚ preferred crystal orientations (texture)‚ and other structural parameters‚ such as average grain size‚ crystallinity‚ strain‚ and crystal defects. X-ray diffraction peaks are produced by constructive interference of a monochromatic beam of X-rays scattered at specific angles from each set of lattice planes in a sample. The
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