Case study on Internal resistance of chemical cells Chemical cells “A chemical cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. “Most batteries are combined by several chemical cells. “A chemical reaction occurs inside the battery and causes electric current to flow. There are two main types of batteries‚ which are rechargeable and non-rechargeable.” The application of chemical cells covers wide range in our life. “Batteries are manufactured in many shapes and sizes‚ from very small ones
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Topic 11a – Group 7‚ the Halogens Revision Notes 1) Trends in physical properties of the elements • At room temperature‚ Cl2 is a pale green gas‚ Br2 is a brown liquid‚ I2 is a blue-black solid. • In Group 7‚ boiling point increases down the group because the molecules have more electrons and‚ therefore‚ stronger van der Waal’s forces which require more energy to overcome them • Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond • Down
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Redox reactions (Redox terminology‚ galvanic cells‚ standard electrode potentials‚ strength of oxidizing/reducing agents‚ corrosion and protection against it) Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons and reduction is defined as the gain of electrons. Oxidizing agents‚ such as oxygen are defined as substances which accept electrons; reducing agents are substances which donate electrons. Redox reactions are: a) The reactions of metals with non-metals 2Na+Cl2→2Na+Cl- b) The reactions
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1. Write balanced net ionic equations for all reactions that occurred during Activity I. 2. Identify the color of the mineral oil layer in the test tube when each of the following species is present: I2‚ Br2‚ Cl2‚ I–‚ Br–‚ and Cl–. 3. Identify the color that should have been present in the mineral oil layer in test tubes 1–6 if no reaction had occurred in any of the test tubes. Explain your answer. 4. Use the answers to the first three questions to create an activity series of metals
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Title: Redox Reaction Introduction: Some of the most important chemical reactions are Redox reactions. They are also known as oxidation-reduction reactions. This reaction passes one or more electrons from one species to another. The species that loses electrons are being oxidized while the species that gains electrons are reduced. The reaction occurs simultaneously. Numbers are given to each element in a chemical reaction to help us find out which element is oxidized and which is
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D. C. Polarography * Introduction: - Polarography is a particular case of general electro analytical technique known as voltametry. These methods are used to study the decomposition and quantitative analysis of solution. Principle: - It is a rapid and accurate technique in which electrolysis of experimental solution is carried out by using one electrode of comparatively large surface area (i.e. non-polarisable electrode) and the other electrode having a very small area (polarisable electrode)
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INTRODUCTION Surface modification is a miraculous application of Electric Discharge Machining (EDM). It can modify the conductive material surface by both removing material from the surface and depositing material on the surface. It can remove or deposit material from the work surface through controlled electrical sparks by the process of melting and evaporation. The controlled sparks erode material from the work and tool surface within very short intervals of time. Study of surface morphology widens
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Name: Hannah Crome Introduction Corrosion is the oxidation of metals by materials in their environment. Rust is the corrosion of iron by oxygen in a moist environment. Corrosion has many effects on the properties of metals‚ corroded buildings‚ or machinery can develop weaknesses that result in malfunctions or breakages. Corroded metal can also not conduct electricity‚ which again can interfere with the functions of that metal. Aim: the aim of this experiment is to evaluate the effect
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CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Introduction This chapter will conclude the result of this experiment‚ whether it has fulfill its objective and the recommendation for future research to get better efficiency in yield of FAME by manipulating the concentration and weight percent of the active metal. 36 5.2 Conclusion In this research‚ the objective are to determine the effect of concentration of KOH to yield of FAME and also to determine the effect of KOH weight percent as loading
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John Abarshi Mr Meinsma Chemistry December 14‚ 2010 Conductivity of Ionic solutions Introduction This lab report is about the conductivity of ionic solutions. In class we have been discussing wether all ionic solutions conduct equally well. If an solvent solution conducts electricity‚ then it must contain ions. So measuring the conductance of solutions can tell you whether the solutes in the solution are dissociated into ions. (Conductivity) Any type of solution‚ even ionic solutions‚ provide
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