we only calculate the units‚ to valuate at the end at the average cost. COGS computation Cost of raw materials used in production Raw material beginning inventory Raw material purchased (Raw material ending inventory) = Raw material used in production Cost of good manufactured (finished) Work in process (WIP) beginning inventory Raw materials used in production Direct labor Manufacturing overhead (MOH) (WIP ending inventory) = COG manufactured Cost of good sold (COGS) Finished
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have a sound knowledge of cost behaviour ie fixed costs‚ variable costs‚ semi-variable costs and sunk costs. Answer: Understanding cost behaviour helps manager in anticipation of changes in cost when there is a change in their activities like production‚ sales‚ inventory pile up etc. It provides good assistance in planning‚ cost management and decision making. A number of behaviour patterns exist ranging from fixed to variable and from linear to curvilinear. Many cost predictions techniques
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Economies of scale are reductions in average costs attributable to production volume increases. They typically are defined in relation to firms‚ which may seek to achieve economies of scale by becoming large or even dominant producers of a particular type of product or service. A distinction can be made between internal and external economies of scales. Internal economies of scale occur when a firm reduces costs by increasing production. External economies of scale occur when an entire industry benefits
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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conclusions): 1. Cost a) Cost of Production: Manufacturing costs are $8.00 per pound for the Albatross mushroom/bell anchor and $11.00 per pound for Albatross snag hook anchor. Albatross sells the anchors for the same price as competitors. However‚ Albatross can have a 35% less profit margin. (Russell & Taylor‚ 2011‚ p. 230). b) Economies of Scale in material purchasing: company that achieves economies of scale lowers the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared
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considered to be an agent of economic development. (Book-survey of economy). McDonalds has provided many jobs to people‚ entrepreneur opportunities‚ they have created a very large amount of suppliers‚ promote exports and they also create a
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Distinguish between diminishing returns and economies of scale (15 marks) In Business Economics‚ the short run is defined as the concept that within a certain period of time‚ in the future‚ at least one input is fixed while others are variable and the long run is defined as a period of time in which all factors of production and costs are variable. The law of diminishing returns is a short run concept‚ which states that increasing successive units of a variable factor to a fixed factor
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82476 c02.3d GGS 3/17/09 15:15 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr ECONOMIES AND SCOPE OF SCALE 2 r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r rr ew concepts in microeconomics‚ if any‚ are more fundamental to business strategy than economies of scale and the closely related economies of scope. Economies of scale allow some firms to achieve a cost advantage over their rivals. Economies of scale are a key determinant of market structure and entry
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Economies of Scale * This is the cost advantage that a business obtains due to expansion. * That is the factor that cause the average cost of producing a product to fall‚ as output of the product rises as explained in the ‘Dictionary of Economics’. * By achieving economies of scale‚ a company would have the cost advantage over its existing and new rivals. * Further‚ the company could achieve lower long run average cost (i.e. productive efficiency). But if technology changes‚ this
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accounting profit ($200 sales minus $100 cost of seeds) but makes an economic loss of $100 ($200 sales minus $300 opportunity cost). 2. Farmer Jones’s production function is shown in Figure 1 and his total-cost curve is shown in Figure 2. The production function becomes flatter as the number of bags of seeds increases because of the diminishing marginal product of seeds. The total-cost curve gets steeper as the amount of production increases. This feature is also due to the diminishing marginal
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