DERIVATION OF A SIMPLE INCOME MULTIPLIER Let’s start with a very simple closed economy‚ where GDP or Y = C + I + G only and there are no exports (X) or imports (M). (1) Substituting the Consumption Function for C: Y = (co + c1 YD) + I + G = (co + c1 {Y - T}) + I + G = co + c1Y – c1T + I + G (2) Collecting terms in Y on the left hand side‚ and factoring out Y: Y – c1Y = Y (1 – c1) = co - c1T + I + G (3) Placing (1 – c1) back on the right hand side‚ we have derived an expression for equilibrium
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The Multiplier and Keynesian Economics The concept of the multiplier process became important in the 1930s when John Maynard Keynes suggested it as a tool to help governments to achieve full employment. This macroeconomic “demand-management approach”‚ designed to help overcome a shortage of business capital investment‚ measured the amount of government spending needed to reach a level of national income that would prevent unemployment. The theory of multiplier occupies an important place in the
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6. To fully explain the multiplier effect‚ we need first to define the Injections and Withdrawals‚ preferably through the model of Circular flow of income: It is a simple economic model describing a circulation of income between producers (firms) and consumers (households.). It consists of direct inner flow between firms and households and outer flow. The outer flow is caused by the fact that households do not spend all of their income on consumption; part of their income is withdrawn as net
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MULTIPLIER AND ACCELERATOR THEORY The Keynesians‚ have offered a demand side explanation of the business cycle. According to them‚ the fluctuations in output and employment in the country are caused by fluctuations in aggregate demand. The ups and downs in aggregate demand are caused by changes in the volume of investment. The volume of investment is directly related to the marginal efficiency of capital. The investment increases in response to higher marginal efficiency of capital and decreases
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Interactions between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration Author(s): Paul A. Samuelson Reviewed work(s): Source: The Review of Economics and Statistics‚ Vol. 21‚ No. 2 (May‚ 1939)‚ pp. 75-78 Published by: The MIT Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1927758 . Accessed: 02/03/2012 05:03 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use‚ available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit
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Convention on Statistics (NCS) EDSA Shangri-La Hotel October 4-5‚ 2010 INPUT-OUTPUT MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS FOR MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES by Madeline B. Dumaua For additional information‚ please contact: Author’s name Designation Affiliation Address Tel. no. E-mail Madeline B. Dumaua Statistician III Statistical Research and Training Center Quezon City +632-4260620 mbdumaua@srtc.gov.ph INPUT-OUTPUT MULTIPLIER ANALYSIS FOR MAJOR INDUSTRIES IN THE PHILIPPINES1 by Madeline B. Dumaua2 ABSTRACT
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C= 1900 S= Y- C S= 2000-1900 S= 100 C = 1900 and S = 100 (c) Suppose planned investment increases by 100. Calculate the new equilibrium level of income. Given your answer‚ what is the size of the multiplier for this economy? Y-.75Y=400+200
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FIELD EXPERIMENTS IN ECONOMICS By: Ravisha Sodha INTRODUCTION: Field experiments occupy an important middle ground between laboratory experiments and naturally occurring field data. The underlying idea behind most field experiments is to make use of randomization in an environment that captures important characteristics of the real world. Distinct from traditional empirical economics‚ field experiments provide an advantage by permitting the researcher to create exogenous variation in the variables
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UNIVERSITY OF DELHI DELHI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Minutes of Meeting Subject : Course : Date of Meeting: Venue : Convenor Attended by: 1. Basanti Kumari Nayak‚ Satyawati College 2. Supriti Mishra‚ Shyam Lal College 3. Chhavi Gautam‚ Kamla Nehru College 4. Lokendra Kumawat‚ Ramjas College 5. Rashmi Mittal‚ Dyal Singh College 6. Reetika Rana‚ Shivaji College 7. Punam Tyagi‚ Kalindi College 8. Aditi Aeron Bansal‚ Shaheed Bhagat Singh College 9. Vandana Sethi‚ Motilal Nehru College
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MC equals MR‚ the profit is maximized. From the above table‚ when output level is 140 minutes‚ marginal revenue equals marginal cost ($10000=$10000)‚ so the profit-maximizing level of output is 140 minutes. (d) When the industry exists positive economic profit‚ it will attract new firms to enter into the industry. However‚ no more licenses will be offered by government‚ so no any new firm entering the industry. (e)(i) Collusion is a formal or tacit agreement to limit competition by setting output
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