“Japan earthquake: Tsunami hits north-east” Source: BBC 2‚ Horizon Special Professor Ian Stewart‚ Geologist Broadcast on 27th March 2011 In this programme‚ Ian Stewart examines the powerful geological forces that caused the devastating Japanese earthquake. 30% of all earthquakes across the world happen in Japan. Earthquakes are caused when the tectonic plates (giant slabs of rock) grind together causing the build up of huge forces. When the pressure gets too much‚ the edges of the plate suddenly
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Earthquakes in Australia Australia is a very lucky country that suffers very few earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. Earthquakes are caused by converging plates (usually subducting)‚ and there a 4 different types of waves in two categories; firstly there is Body waves which are broken into primary and secondary waves (these travel through the earth) Surface waves travel through only the crust and are called Love and Rayleigh. These Waves (the earthquakes) are measured by a seismograph/ a device that
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The largest earthquake ever occurred in the 20th century was the Valdivia Earthquake. As cited in the sources‚ the magnitude of this powerful earthquake was approximately 9.5 and totally destroyed communities near the epicenter. Because this great number of magnitude has a power to eradicate everything around it. Other earthquakes might be the larger but it’s the first one since accurate estimates of magnitude became possible. This was a megathrust earthquake which means that an earthquake occurred
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San Francisco have all experienced a fault shift. In the case of Houston‚ the likelihood of an earthquake is extremely low. The instances of a fault shift on that area of the North American Plate don’t occur often. Earthquakes that occur are not by normal means of plates shifting but from the process of fluid extraction (Fehling 19). Seattle on the other hand has a very high probability of an earthquake occurring. There are three different types of quakes that the city experiences crustal quakes‚
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Prediction Why didn’t scientists know about the faults that caused the two earthquakes? Prior to September 4th‚ there were no surface signs of the Greendale Fault or the fault that generated the Lyttelton aftershock and there was no evidence for seismicity on these faults (i.e. ‘foreshocks’). Seismic surveys have located some ‘hidden’ faults across parts of the Canterbury Plains‚ but these particular regions had not been surveyed for this purpose. An oil-gas seismic survey had been carried out
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measure of the magnitude of seismic waves from an earthquake. Devised in 1935 by the American seismologist Charles F. Richter (1900–1985) and technically known as the local magnitude scale‚ it has been superseded by the moment magnitude scale‚ which was developed in the 1970s. The Richter scale is logarithmic; that is‚ the amplitude of the waves increases by powers of 10 in relation to the Richter magnitude numbers. The energy released in an earthquake can easily be approximated by an equation that
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Tsunami and Earthquake Sion Hau 7D 31/07/11 An earthquake occurred in Sendai‚ Japan on the 11th of March in 2011; this earthquake also resulted in a tsunami. The earthquake measured at magnitude 8.9-9.0 on the Richter scale‚ the scale is measured in powers of ten (e.g. magnitude 2.0 is ten times more than magnitude 1.0). Japan sits on the Ring of Fire (an area encircling Pacific Ocean that has high volcanic and earthquake activity)
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March 27‚ 1964 a magnitude 9.2 earthquake hit Alaska its epicenter located in Prince William Sound‚ 75 miles east of Anchorage. This earthquake was and still is the second larges earthquake ever recorded (Christensen). The plates involved In this major earthquake were the Pacific plate and North American plate. This subduction zone is know as Aleutian-Alaska megathrust zone (Sokolowski). This region was known for its active plate tectonics‚ but this earthquake did come as a surprise to the public
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EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING IN AUSTRALIA BEFORE MECKERING AND AFTER NEWCASTLE by Charles Bubb BE‚ DIC (Eng. Seis.)‚ FIEAust‚ CPEng SUMMARY Earthquake Engineering in Australia‚ as elsewhere‚ has been formulated in the aftermath of damaging earthquakes. The first Australian Code AS2121-1979 was written and published after the 1968 Meckering WA earthquake. The second AS1170.4 1993 was published after the 1989 Newcastle NSW earthquake. Good quality Building Codes are a necessary basis for sound earthquake
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Mikela Sammy U62 Caribbean Studies QUESTION: Access the measures that Caribbean countries could realistically undertake to minimize the danger posed by earthquakes. An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground‚ sometimes causing great destruction‚ as a result of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action. This happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another. The Earth’s crust is made up of about a dozen plates on which the continents and oceans
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