How to read mutual fund fee table • 1.8 Tips for buying mutual fund 2. Share Market • 2.1 How to Share traded • 2.2 Types of Share Market 2.2.1 Primary Market 2.2.2 Secondary Market • 2.3 Multi channels used in share market • 2.4 Transaction cycle • 2.5 How to read Share Market • 2.6 Why invest in Share Market • 2.7 Difference between primary market and secondary market • 2.8 Termology used in Share Market 3. Stock Exchange • 3.1 Definition of Stock Exchange • 3.2 Roles
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2 MODELS FOR THE VALUATION OF SHARES. 2.1 The concept of a cost of equity The cost of equity is the cost to the company of providing equity holders with the return they require on their investment. The primary financial objective is to maximize the return to equity shareholders. This return is as the future dividend yield and capital growth. Until new shareholders become members of the company‚ the objective above is concerned with existing shareholders. Company management will need to offer
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(2006) 511–529 www.elsevier.com/locate/jfec CEO incentives and earnings management$ Daniel Bergstressera‚Â Thomas Philipponb a Harvard Business School‚ Boston MA 02163‚USA NYU Stern School of Business‚ New York‚ NY 10012‚USA b Received 25 September 2003; accepted 13 October 2004 Available online 22 December 2005 Abtract We provide evidence that the use of discretionary accruals to manipulate reported earnings is more pronounced at firms where the CEO’s potential total compensation
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A propose model for linking Bank ’s efficiency in generating returns with E-Banking diffusion Case Egypt Abstract This proposal model tested the return on earnings performance of Egyptian banks following the full enforcement of electronic banking system. The study became obligatory as a result of increased penetration of electronic banking which has redefined the banking operations in Egypt and over the whole world. Judgmental sampling method was undertaken by using data collected
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COSTS OF STEAM Issue The client expects a reduction in steam generation costs and does not care about energy consumption. Learning Objectives Establishing a list of cost items of steam generation Understanding the different methods of specific steam cost calculation Knowing how to calculate the specific steam costs Rating of the relative importance of cost items Appreciation for specific steam generation costs sensitivity with respect to cost items Recognition of negative
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|Company Accounts | |Accounting for Share Capital 1 | | | | |
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Buy-Back of Shares 1. Companies Act‚ 1956: Section 77A of the Companies Act lays down the conditions governing buy-back of shares by a company. Section 77A stipulates that a buy-back can be done only out of free reserves or securities premium account or proceeds of fresh issue of shares or specified securities subject to certain terms and conditions. The conditions to be complied with by the Company for buy-back are: • • Articles of Association (AoA) of the Company provides for buyback of its own
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implications for related research in areas of accounting and finance‚ Time series behaviour of earnings is crucial for empirical studies (Beaver 1970). Issues regarding Income smoothing‚ the relative forecast ability of alternative income measurements‚ and interim reporting‚ were discussed by Beaver (1970: pp. 62). These studies share mutual reliance upon a knowledge of the process creating accounting earnings‚ despite representing a comprehensive spectrum of predictive contexts (Beaver 1970). When
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Share repurchases and the protection of shareholders* KATHLEEN VAN DER LINDE** 1 Introduction From a creditor’s perspective there is not much difference between the payment of a dividend in respect of a share and a payment for the acquisition or repurchase of that share. However‚ from the point of view of the shareholder a dividend is a return on capital while a repurchase is a return of capital to the vendor shareholder. Share repurchases change the structure of the company’s share capital
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is Ordinary Shares An ordinary share defines a single unit of equity ownership of a corporation‚ where the holders of the ordinary shares receive the right to cast a vote in decisions involving important corporate matters. Such votes are available to each ordinary shareholder in correspondence to the number of ordinary shares held within the company. Ordinary shareholders are the last to receive dividends‚ and are only entitled to funds which remain after dividends on preferred shares are paid. Ordinary
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