are thrust‚ drag‚ lift‚ and weight/ gravity. Weight is the force that pulls an object down‚ towards the center of the earth. Weight is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. On earth gravity is 9.81 m/s² (W=MG) (Hopkins‚ 2012). Lift is the opposite force to weight. Thrust is the force that propels the object forward. For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction‚ therefore the force opposite of thrust is drag. The main forms of drag are pressure
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DRDO Science Spectrum‚ March 2009‚ pp. 4-11 DRDO SCIENCE SPECTRUM 2009 © 2009‚ DESIDOC Aircraft Performance Improvements-A Practical Approach S.K. Jebakumar Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification‚ Marathalli Colony‚ Bangaluru- 560 037 ABSTRACT An aircraft is designed based on various wind tunnel testing‚ computational analysis‚ previous design experience etc. In most of the aircraft programs the design objective could not be met with the first prototype design itself. Before the
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BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY INTRODUCTION The concept of boundary layer was 1st introduced by L.Prandtl in 1904. Figure 7-1. Viscous flow around airfoil A structure having a shape that provides lift‚ propulsion‚ stability‚ or directional control in a flying object. Boundary layer is formed whenever there is a relative motion between the boundary and the fluid. Boundary layer thickness: 1. Standard thickness - signified by ‚” it is define as the distance from the boundary layer
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from Newton’s first law of motion‚ the acceleration then becomes zero and the object falls at a constant terminal velocity. Ideally‚ a parachute will slow the object’s speed by creating air drag that eventually overpowers the force of gravity‚ causing the falling object to decelerate. However‚ since the air drag is dependent on the velocity‚ the air resistance
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A dragline excavator is a piece of heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining. Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard‚ lifting cranes and the heavy units which have to be built on-site. Most crawler cranes with an added winch drum on the front can act as a dragline. These units (like other cranes) are designed to be dismantled and transported over the road on flatbed trailers. Draglines used in civil engineering are almost always of this smaller
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the branch of science concerning the study of matter and energy and the interactions between the two. Physics tries to explain the nature of the world around us‚ how things happen and why. Swimming displays some physical properties‚ such as buoyancy‚ drag resistance and propulsion. We swimmers are at a constant battle to stay afloat‚ while fighting through the water and propelling ourselves forward‚ and we do so using technique. Buoyancy is the power to float or rise in a fluid. This relates to swimming
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automobiles with air and they cause: Drag (resistance to forward motion) Lift / down force (come into play during cornering and acceleration) Lateral forces (comes into play during cornering) Moments in roll‚ pitch and yaw As a result these factors have to be taken into consideration during automobile design. THEORY BEHIND AERODYNAMIC FORCES The sources of aerodynamic forces are Viscous forces Drag (form drag) The major among both of these is the form drag caused by pressure differences between
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resultant force and state whether the object is at equilibrium. sin52=0.788; cos52=0.616; sin25=0.423; cos25=0.906; sin27=0.454; cos27=0.891; sin26=0.438; cos26=0.899; 2. If the mass of the plane is 1700kg‚ and drag force is 50kN‚ determine what should be the aerodynamic lift force and engine’s thrust so that the plane flew with constant velocity. 3. The spring was extended to 3cm under mass of 500g. Determine the spring constant. 4. The distance between
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of flow layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Velocity distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 4 5 7 9 Ch´zy coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 e Drag coefficient‚ lift coefficient and friction coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Exercise .
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may lift your back foot partly off the floor and swivel on it‚ but the service laws require you to keep some part of both feet in contact with the floor until you hit the shuttlecock. You must not lift a foot entirely off the ground‚ and you must not drag a foot along the floor. Basic serving technique Backhand low serve Backhand flick serve Backhand drive serve Forehand low serve Forehand flick and drive serves Forehand high serve Hitting action Serving tactics As you turn
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