Abuse‚ Addiction‚ and the Brain) As a person continues to abuse drugs‚ the brain creates surges of dopamine; the chemical that tells lets us know that we are feeling good. Our bodies adapt to the dopamine surges by producing less dopamine or reducing dopamine receptors. The user must therefore keep abusing drugs to bring his or her dopamine function back to normal or use more drugs to achieve a dopamine high. (WebMD‚ Drug Abuse‚ Addiction‚ and the Brain) The more people take the drugs the harder
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research into the actions of antipsychotic medications on the dopamine systems‚ and‚ more recently‚ serotonin‚ glutamate‚ and muscarine systems in the brain. As a result‚ antipsychotic medications are now the primary treatment for schizophrenia‚ with counseling and behavioral therapies playing supportive‚ but secondary‚ roles. The dopamine hypothesis suggests that the hallmark neurochemical disturbance is an overactivity of the dopamine system in the brain‚ particularly that involving the D2 receptors
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that release dopamine. It stimulates the brain’s pleasure. As a result‚ the smokers feel a lot of pleasure while they are smoking cigarettes. However‚ in 40 minutes the effects of nicotine are gone. Therefore‚ the smoker has to light up another cigarette. After repeated doses of nicotine‚ the brain begins to change. There is too much dopamine in the brain so it starts to cut the production of dopamine. As a consequence‚ now‚ the smoker needs nicotine just to create normal levels of dopamine. Without
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In this paper‚ I will be discussing the normal physiology of the basal ganglia‚ or basal nuclei‚ how the different structures within are involved with motor functions‚ and how dysfunctions within the basal ganglia lead to movement disorders. The basal ganglia are a group of interconnected subcortical structures composed primarily of the striatum‚ pallidum‚ substantia nigra‚ and the subthalamic nucleus. These structures span across the diencephalon‚ telencephalon‚ and the midbrain‚ and lie under
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CHEM 1660 BETTER LIVING THROUGH CHEMISTRY Part III Addiction Dr. Susan Y. LIANG Email: ytliang@hkbu.edu.hk Office: FSC 702B Opium – Catholicon or Toxin • Evidence suggests that more than 5‚000 years ago the properties of opium were known in the Euphrates River (幼发拉底河) delta. • Around 330 B. C.‚ Alexander the Great took opium to Persia and India‚ from where cultivation slowly spread eastward and reached China in about the 7th century (唐朝). 13th century‚ India The opium poppy
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Caroline Little Addiction Protection Summary In Susan Gaidos article Addiction Protection she explores the idea of creating vaccines to help opioid addicts stay clean. In the past decade the number of opioid deaths has skyrocketed. In the past few years people have been concerned because the number of deaths related to opioid use has increased Because of the recent surge in heroin usage‚ scientists and health professionals are desperate to find a way to stop the epidemic. There are drugs on the
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Attachment‚ commitment‚ intimacy‚ passion‚ grief from separation‚ and jealousy are but a few of the emotionally-loaded terms used by Dianne Santorelli’s article for the educational research to describe that feeling of which love represents. On the contrary‚ Maskowitz and Orgel states in the book‚ General Psychology‚ that love‚ hate‚ fear ‚ and anger are just some of the amazing varieties of feelings which appear to be related to the differential actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
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for weeks or even months at a time and later reappear. Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder in which too much or too little dopamine is produced in the brain. Too much dopamine causes hyperactivity. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter used in the substantia nigra and striatum which are important for movement. Other systems which can be effected by dopamine send axons from the midbrain to the forebrain‚ including the cerebral cortex. Recent research has shown that TS may also be an abnormality
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Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant that is most commonly known as crank‚ crystal meth‚ speed or ice and is used as a recreational drug. It is well known to be mostly abused usually through ingestion‚ snorting‚ injection‚ or smoking - due to the fairly easy nature of producing it (METHAMPHETAMINE). However‚ it does have some minor useful medical uses such as in therapeutic “treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD)” (Methamphetamine drug profile)
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There are many nice sensible people in the world. Sometimes when faced with certain situations some of the nicest people can do some of the worst things. When people do these awful things what do we blame? biology? or the situation the people are in? I personally choose biology. In the novel The Lord of The Flies‚ by William Golding‚ he writes about characters that are isolated after a plane crash. The setting is on a deserted island. The island only has pigs and young boys on it. The
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