February 26‚ 2013 Journal Summary Inhibition of amygdaloid dopamine D2 receptors impairs emotional learning measured with fear-potentiated startle Name: Jerrelei Jumalon Student no. 11133317 Psychology 120-03 (4) Instructors Name: Dr. Quentin Greba The brain research report “Inhibition of Amygdaloid Dopamine D2 Receptors Impairs Emotional Learning Measured with Fear-potentiated Startle volume 899” by the authors Quentin Greba‚ Anna Gifkins and Larry Kokkinidis was published in the
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language‚ perception‚ thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily‚ leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis claims that schizophrenics have abnormally high amounts of D2 receptors; receptors that receive dopamine‚ therefore resulting in a higher amount of D2 receptors binding to the receptors causing more impulses. Dopamine neurotransmitters play a key role in guiding
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the drug. Meth causes a huge increase in dopamine and other neurotransmitters in the brain. In addition‚ meth also blocks enzymes that work to break down dopamine in the brain‚ which causes the high to last much longer than a high from a stimulant like cocaine. Several methods are used to take this drug‚ but smoking it has recently become more popular. Smoking meth causes the body to absorb the drug quicker and leads to faster addiction. Meth destroys dopamine receptors‚ and after using it repeatedly
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The memory centers that dopamine effects are called the amygdala and hippocampus. The amygdala contains the amygdaloid nuclei‚ which plays an important role in the modulation of mood (Mervaala et al.‚ 2000). The amygdala itself is an expanded region at the tail of the caudate nucleus and participates in the expression of emotions‚ control of behavioral activities‚ and development of moods (McKinley‚ 2006). The hippocampus is a nucleus located superior to the parahippocampal gyrus that connects to
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the hormone dopamine is behind this addiction. A study of rats implanted with electrodes shows they will press a lever that causes stimulation of their pleasure centre of their brain until they die of exhaustion‚ they won’t rest‚ look after their pups or eat. Like the rats the human has become addicted to a lever of gadgets‚ social media and news thanks to dopamine. Dopamine in balance motivates people to explore the world to obtain rewards such as food and sex. Although dopamine rewards the
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INTRODUCTION: Dystonia is a neurological syndrome of typically patterned‚ often repetitive twitching movements or abnormal postures‚ associated with sustained or intermittent muscle contractions (23649720). These symptoms usually worsen by voluntary action of the muscle. (24978640). It can be classified in multiple ways based on‚ the age of onset (early or late); the topographical involvement of regions (focal - single region‚ segmental - two or more adjacent regions‚ multifocal - two or more non-adjacent
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How do the four biological explanations fit together to explain schizophrenia or are they mutually exclusive? The biological explanation can be divided into subcategories to explain schizophrenia; genetic‚ biochemistry (dopamine hypothesis)‚ brain structure and season of birth explanation. Firstly there’s genetics. This view says some people posses certain genes that predispose them to schizophrenia. However‚ if schizophrenia was totally and always inherited then concordance rates between MZ
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The term schizophrenia’ covers a group of serious psychotic disorders characterised by a loss of contact with reality. It comes from two Greek words: schiz meaning split’ and phren meaning mind’. DSM IV (1994) estimate that the occurrence rate of schizophrenia ranges from 0.2%-2.0% worldwide. There are two main explanations of schizophrenia: the biological explanations and the psychological explanations. In this essay I will critically consider the biological explanations. These include genetics
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Outline and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia There are many different explanations for schizophrenia and the biological one has a major influence on the explanation. There are two different approaches; genetics and the dopamine hypothesis. The genetic hypothesis argues that sz runs in families and is inherited through genes. According to the genetic hypothesis‚ the more closely related the family member to the schizophrenic‚ the greater their chance of developing the disorder
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norepinephrine and dopamine‚ which results in the increased activity of these two neurotransmitters within the synaptic space‚ which occurs by modulating the activity of the dopamine transporter and the norepinephrine transporter. The prefrontal cortex controls all behavior‚ attention‚ and emotion but in patients suffering from ADHD symptoms of decreased attention span‚ heightened distractibility‚ and poor impulse control are seen. The prefrontal cortex requires norepinephrine and dopamine for
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