AP Bio DNA‚ RNA‚ Protein synthesis Study Guide DNA Structure Nucleotide structure - sugar‚ phosphate group‚ base backbone structure - alternating sugar and phosphate group directionality (5’-3’) - DNA is anti parallel. The side that sticks out s the 5’ side bases - adenine = thymine & guanine=cytosine purines vs Pyrimidines - purines have two rings while pyrimidines have one ring Bonding - hydrogen bonds Base Pairing rules - look at bases ^^ DNA Replication Semi-conservative replication
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Relationship of Neanderthals to Modern Humans After extracting ancient DNA from the 40‚000-year-old bones of Neanderthals‚ scientists have obtained a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome‚ yielding important new insights into the evolution of modern humans. No other ancient people have aroused more controversy and confusion over the last century and a half than have the Neanderthals (3‚4). There is an on-going debate as to whether they should be considered Homo sapiens. While the idea that
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constantly recycled. 8.2 1. Why does DNA replicate? DNA replicates before a cell divides to give a complete set of genetic instructions to each daughter cell. 2. What is semiconservative replication? Semiconservative replication means that only one strand of a DNA molecule is newly formed. The other strand is original DNA from the parent cell. 3. What are the steps of DNA replication? The helicase enzyme unwinds and separates a double-stranded DNA molecule; the primase enzyme forms a
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Restriction Endonuclease Digestion of DNA from E. coli cells and Analysis by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Introduction The main goals of this experiment are testing an alternative procedure called “boiling lysis”‚ evaluating the quality of the purified plasmid for restriction digests‚ and identifying the mislabeled plasmid. The plasmid DNA from a carrier E. coli strain was purified by the boiling lysis. In the boiling lysis method‚ the bacterial cells were given momentary heat treatment
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DNA Structure Monday‚ 15 April 2013 9:01 AM - DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA is a double-helix: it has two strands that twist around each other Each strand is made of single units call nucleotides It has a sugar-phosphate backbone Bases join the two strands by hydrogen bonds ○ These bases are cytosine‚ guanine‚ adenine and thymine. - Complementary base pairing is a key idea in genetics: C pairs with G‚ and T pairs with A. - Each strand of DNA can be millions of base pairs in length and is
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A Right to Her Genes by Susannah Gal Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at Binghamton and Jessie W. Klein Science Department Middlesex Community College “But‚ doctor‚ what should I do?” Michelle was sitting in her OB-GYN’s office‚ having just confronted him with the dilemma she was facing. “My mother died of breast cancer when I was little and now I find out that her mother‚ my grandmother‚ has bone cancer and my grandmother’s brother and my grandfather both have lung
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of Inheritance Overview: Life’s Operating Instructions In 1953‚ James Watson and Francis Crick introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of DNA. DNA‚ the substance of inheritance‚ is the most celebrated molecule of our time. Hereditary information is encoded in DNA and reproduced in all cells of the body. This DNA program directs the development of biochemical‚ anatomical‚ physiological‚ and (to some extent) behavioral traits Early in the 20th century‚ the identification
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BY130 ESSENTIAL/INTRODUCTORY CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012-2013 SAMPLE QUESTIONS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS AND MACROMOLECULES 1. Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA shown in the figure on the right is false? The width of the DNA molecule is variable since it can accommodate nucleotides containing varying numbers of nitrogen-based "rings." Hydrogen bonds determine which nitrogenous bases can pair together. A total of 10 pairs of nucleotides are
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Beyond Silicon Computing DNA Computers: Ever since scientists discovered that conventional silicon-based computers have an upper limit in terms of speed‚ they have been searching for alternate media with which to solve computational problems. That search has led us‚ among other places‚ to DNA. The advantage of DNA is that it is tiny‚ cheap‚ and can react faster than silicon. Since this fledgling field is only eight years old‚ it is difficult to guess at this stage what applications it may
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professor in chemistry at Stanford University‚ was utilizing the EcoRI restriction endonuclease to cleave DNA‚ he noticed that the outcome was two single-stranded ends of DNA that had nucleotide base sequences complementary to each other. This was a result of the restriction enzyme creating overhang regions in the DNA strands which allowed for the sticky ends to be created. These ends of DNA were referred to as ‘sticky’ ends because their complementary base sequences allowed for base pairing‚ making
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