within the Mitochondrial DNA of a Potato Introduction Respiration is a very important process for every living organism. While it is typically thought of as breathing in oxygen‚ and exhaling carbon dioxide‚ like all things‚ it must take place at the cellular level. The electron transport chain is responsible for cellular respiration. The process uses four complexes; the fourth is cytochrome c oxidase. Cytochrome C oxidase is responsible for the reduction of oxygen to water. There are thirteen subunits
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Purpose This experiment deals with separating substances. The objective was to become familiar with the methods of separating substances from one another using decantation‚ extraction‚ sublimation techniques. Brief Introduction This experiment was set to teach research students different methods of separating substances from one another. Materials that are not uniform in composition are set to be impure or heterogeneous and are called mixtures. The separation of the components of mixtures is
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DNA Profiling for Crime Investigation Rabia Awan Preston University Islamabad‚ Pakistan rabiawan079@gmail.com Abstract— DNA profiling also called as DNA typing or Gene fingerprinting has been used as a powerful process for identification of humans. Many countries around the world where forensic databases have created to store DNA patterns(DNA profiles) of crime scenes in order to put the actual criminals behind the bars and free the innocent who have been kept in jails for years without any
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WATER AS OUR NATURAL RESOURSE There are more than 326 million trillion gallons of water on Earth. Less than 3 % of all this water is fresh water and of that amount‚ more than two-thirds is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. With so much water around it seems like there is enough to see us through for millions of years. But did you know that even water‚ which seems to be in abundance‚ might one day become scarce? Each time you throw something as garbage‚ think of where it will finally end up. Whether
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Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Marc Tugaoen‚ Kristine Vanzuela‚ Rafael Villanueva‚ Justeen Wong Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines Abstract This experiment has been divided into 4 set-ups‚ first was the solid-liquid extraction‚ next was the liquid-liquid extraction‚ then the sublimation and last was the melting point determination. The solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction were both done during the first meeting‚ the DCM layer was filtered and
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DNA replication mechanism is an integral and the most important part of cell division. It is a complicated mechanism that requires a lot of steps and different enzymes. Many scientists were trying to understand the mechanism of DNA replication and its role in the transfer of the hereditary information to the offsprings. DNA replication begins with a single origin of replication that starts off the process by creating a replication bubble. In many eukaryotic cells‚ the DNA strand will have more than
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It takes a period of 20 years for the Prunus Africana to grow to 30 meters or more. That is one reason there are only a limited number of Prunus Africana found in Kenya‚ Uganda‚ and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The extraction of pulverized‚ dark bark of Prunus Africana is the reason for high demand on these trees for production of drugs for prostate issues. The Prunus Africana is currently being harvested out of eastern highlands of Kenya in the Aberdares Mountains
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experiment was to find out which alcohol burner was the most efficient when heating up water. The different alcohol burners were placed under cans full of 100cm3 of water one after the other. There was a thermometer placed in the can‚ which measured the temperature change during the experiment. It was noticeable that the most efficient alcohol burner was Octan-1-ol as its average was 16.4KJ whilst most other burners were less than 10KJ. Introduction & Aims: Each alcohol that was used had different
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Acetyleugenol (Clove Oil) from Cloves Purpose In this experiment‚ you will obtain the essential oil from cloves by steam distillation. You will then separate a component (acetyleugenol) from the oil by liquid-liquid extraction. Finally‚ you will isolate the acetyleugenol by using a rotovap for reduced pressure distillation‚ which will remove the organic solvent (dichloromethane). Background Whole cloves contain between 14% and 20% by weight of essential oils‚ but only half of that can
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Coconut Water Wax A Breakthrough in Fruit Preservation ABSTRACT This study utilized coconut water to produce a wax preservative for fruit and other foodstuff. Different fresh fruits were collected and assigned to four different treatments: * Treatment I (Control): fresh fruits without anything done * Treatment 2: fruits soaked in coconut water for 10 minutes * Treatment 3: fruits covered with coconut water wax * Treatment 4: refrigerated fruits The fruits used were oranges
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