Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation Procedure Part A Apparatus 1.) Using a 20- or 25-mL round-bottom flask (for distillation) and a 10-mL round-bottom flask (for collection) assemble a distillation apparatus 2.) Use an aluminum block to heat and insert a water condenser 3.) The collection flask may be immersed in ice to ensure condensation of the distillate Preparing the Spice 1.) Weigh approximately 1.0 g of your spice or herb onto a piece of weighing paper and record the exact
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Doha west power Generation and Water Distillation Station is one of the main base load plants of the country governed by the ministry of electricity and water‚ government of Kuwait. This power station is situated in Doha‚ located approx. 15 km to the west of Kuwait city. This power station is composed of eight power generating units of 300 M.W. capacity each and 16 water distillation units of 6/6.2 million imperial gallons per day capacity each. In all‚ power station is capable of generating 2400
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July 14‚ 2009 Experiment 6: Fractional Distillation. Separation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons Abstract: A mixture of cyclohexane and toluene were separate from one another by fractional distillation in order to measure the composition of each fraction and prepare the sample for gas chromatography. Introduction: Distillation has been used since antiquity to separate the components of mixtures. This method has been used to manufacture different organic chemicals but the most recent application
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dehydration of cyclohexanol was performed in a simple distillation apparatus. As cyclohexene formed‚ it was distilled out of the mixture. Background Dehydration is an elimination reaction of an alcohol that takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst. In this experiment‚ 85% phosphoric acid was used as the acid catalyst. The alcohol dehydration required an acid catalyst and heat and the reaction was conducted in a simple distillation apparatus. Since‚ cyclohexene has a lower boiling point
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mantle in a round-bottom flask. A direct stem distillation took place‚ and the oil product was out aside for a week. After one week‚ the isolation of the eugenol actually takes place. Next the thin-layer chromatographic analysis takes place‚ but the experiment did not proceed to that step due to the incorrect amount of NaOH. Introduction The isolation of eugenol from cloves is isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation‚ which is often used to isolate liquid natural
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pyrolysis of the cyclic secondary alcohol with an acid catalyst at a moderate temperature or by distillation over alumina or silica gel. We will be performing catalysis by phosphoric acid. The mixture of cyclohexanol with phosphoric acid is heated in a flask equipped with a fractionating column‚ forming water. Further heating promotes the distillation of water and cyclohexene by the principle of stem distillation. A chaser solvent is added to recover of the reaction product that may get lost in the fractionating
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of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing‚ simple distillation‚ separation‚ and drying. To begin‚ in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will then generate hydrobromic acid‚ an important product in the reaction mixture
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TEACHER’S GUIDE CHEMISTRY TOPIC: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS USEFUL TIPS: Student’s experiments can be done in groups. Groups can be given different mixtures. Each group then carry out their own experiment‚ makes a write up of their procedure and presents to the rest of the class together with the samples obtained. UNIT 1: MIXTURES AND PURE SUBSTANCES This unit is suitable for senior one (S1) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIT: This unit deals with: • Methods of separating
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IntroductionA dehydration reaction of an alcohol results in an alkene. This type of reaction requires an alcohol‚ an acid catalyst and heat. Generally strong concentrated acids‚ like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid‚ are used as the acid catalyst.The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol‚ to make a much better leaving group. Weakest bases make the best leaving groups‚ so once the alcohol is protonated the leaving group leaves and produces in a carbocation and water. In order to form the double bond
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into five classifications: distillation‚ membrane‚ humidification‚ freezing‚ and chemical . 2 The two main desalination processes used today are the desalination by distillation and the desalination by reverse osmosis. Within each method of desalination there are several other processes involved. Distillation processes are the most commonly used methods of desalination as well as some of the oldest methods.1 In 1869‚ the British Government built the first steam distillation process on land.2 There
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