phosphoric acid‚ and one boiling chip‚ were all added to a 10 mL round bottom flask that would be attached to the end of an assembled simple distillation set up. A sand bath was placed atop a hot plate‚ and the simple distillation mechanism was lowered into the sand bath with the bottom most piece (the 10 mL round bottom flask) submerged about half way. The distillation process was completed after a sufficient amount of liquid distillate had accumulated within the Hickman Still Head. Smaller volumes were
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One major observation made throughout this experiment was during the steam distillation. As the steam distillation started and the solution in the flask began heating‚ it was clear that too much stopcock grease was used around the glassware. The grease from the connecting ends of the three way connecting tube was melting and seeping into the clove and water solution in the two necked round bottom flask. The solution in the flask was immediately discarded and repeated with clean glassware and a very
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FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION October 29‚ 2012 CHEM 210 ME01 INTRODUCTION The process of separating the components of a mixture by distillation into relatively pure fractions is referred to as fractional distillation. Simple distillation‚ a process with similar goals‚ is noted for being a satisfactory attempt at separating two components in an ideal mixture‚ but not as accurate as fractional distillation. To explore these statements further‚ there needs to be an in depth look at the theory that
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I. Introduction Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its fractional parts that entails many concurrent vaporization-condensation cycles. This works because of different boiling points of individual substances. The temperature of the fractional distillation column decreases as its length increases. A higher boiling point component condenses on the column and returns to the solution whereas the lower boiling point component passes through the column and is collected in a receiver
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The process of distillation is commonly used to purify liquids. The process of distillation allows separation of distillates based on the temperatures at which they boil. Liquids with higher volatility boil at lower rates than liquids that are less volatile. Because of this when a mixture of two substances is created there will be a spike in the boiling point. At the spike the more volatile substance has vaporized and condense out of the mixture leaving the less volatile liquid. Thus the temperature
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DISTILLATION HISTORY • Distilling was used as early as 3500 BC in Mesopotamia where perfume makers had developed it as a technique for isolating the scented oils of flowers and plants‚ what we know as “attar”. • Around 1100 AD wine was first distilled to make spirit by Irish monks who travelled around Europe. • The results of distillation were considered to have magical powers and this led to alcohol being called “water of life” or “usige beatha” in Gaelic‚ “eau de vie” in French
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS * System: Ethanol – water * Feed rate: 225kmol/h * Feed composition: 28 mol% ethanol * Feed condition: 50% saturated liquid & 50% saturated vapor * 97% of ethanol recovery is required * Operating pressure: 1bar * Distillate composition: 81 mol% ethanol * Column type: Sieve tray column * Operating condition: 70% of flooding Applying material balance to the rectifying section (Eqn 01); V=L+D Applying material balance for the more volatile
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f Fractional Distillation of a Solution Results 1. On a single graph‚ plot boiling point versus volume of distillate curves for the two distillations of the cyclohexane/toluene solutions (one from the simple distillation experiment and one from the fractional distillation experiment). The graph is to be computer generated and presentation quality (e.g.‚ appropriately scaled and labeled axes‚ descriptive title‚ and discernable data points). The data points are to be connected with a smooth
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Fractional Distillation Name: Pinaki Das Partner’s Name: Alice Kim Course: Advance Science Grade 9 Slot: B Date: November 6th 2013 Fractional distillation separates a mixture of liquids based on differences in the boiling points of the liquid. The purpose of this experiment was to identify
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