HISTORY OF TAXATION IN GHANA Introduction & Definition of taxation: To tax (from the Latin taxo; "I estimate") is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property owners to support the government [...] a payment exacted by legislative authority." A tax "is not a voluntary payment
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environment. This is indeed the case with its implementation of its pricing strategy‚ which is one of localisation rather than globalisation. Table II illustrates the comparative Big Mac prices (flagship brand of McDonald’s) from around the world. It succeeds in highlighting the point that McDonald’s has had to come up with different pricing strategies for different countries. More importantly‚ rather than just having a different pricing policy for the Big Mac in these listed countries‚ McDonald’s has had
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The issue of revenue recognition practices is an area that has received a lot of attention from regulators. Whenever there is a report of financial restatements or negative earnings‚ regulators pay extra attention to review the financial statements in order to verify that that there are not any indications of financial fraud or that the organization overstepped their boundaries in the area of managed earnings. The reason that regulators have taken a special interest in financial accounting and potential
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Statement Four Revenue recognition issues top the list of reasons for financial reporting restatements and one of the methods for creative accounting practices. Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Revenue recognition 4 Sale of goods 4 Rendering of services 5 Interest‚ royalties‚ and dividends 5 Creative Accounting 5 To meet internal targets 6 Meet external expectations. 6 Provide income smoothing. 6 Taxation 6 Change in management
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MANAGING TRANSFER PRICING Sarbanes-Oxley requires a company to establish that it has internal controls to ensure accurate financial reporting and that the auditor attest to the assessment of those controls. An obvious concern for all multinationals after SOX is whether there are effective controls in place to deal with transfer pricing exposure. An increasingly important element of transfer pricing documentation relates to the influence of legislation‚ ethical standards‚ and associated matters
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CHAPTER ONE Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Local authority revenue is the money collected from provision of service and donation from individual and other organization. Every local authority globally has its type of revenue that it collects depending upon the environments surrounding it and the type of service it offers to its resident or citizens. The availability control and use of finances are the core of any organization
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Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 229-231 (2012) pp 2775-2778 © (2012) Trans Tech Publications‚ Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.229-231.2775 Airline Revenue Management: Optimization Using Origin-Destination Strategy Controlled by Nested Heuristics Ajyuk J. Raj1‚ a‚ N. Ganesh Kumar2‚ b‚ S. Jayaraj3‚ c 1 M.E.‚ Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ PSG College of Technology‚ Coimbatore-641004‚ Tamil Nadu‚ India. 2 Assistant Professor‚ Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Reported Airline Ancillary Revenue Surged to $27.1 Billion in 2012—Up 19.6% in One Year Analysis from IdeaWorksCompany‚ sponsored by CarTrawler‚ adds Air France/KLM‚ Korean Air‚ and Virgin Atlantic to the list of top ancillary revenue carriers for 2012. Dublin‚ Ireland & Shorewood‚ Wisconsin‚ USA‚ 05 June 2013: IdeaWorksCompany‚ the foremost consultancy in the area of airline ancillary revenues‚ and CarTrawler‚ the leading provider of online car rental distribution systems‚ today announce the
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Q1. How might revenue management be applied to a professional services firm (e.g. consulting)‚ a restaurant‚ and a golf course? What rate fences would you use and why? Revenue Management for a professional consulting firm:- Revenue management for a professional services firm can be applied by defining different packages for major clients‚ minor clients & new clients. Model can be adjusted as fixed price model as well as fixed plus variable cost model. This can be further differentiated with proficiency
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Chapter 4 The Revenue Cycle Objectives for Chapter 4 • Tasks performed in the revenue cycle‚ regardless of the technology used • The functional departments involved in revenue cycle activities and the flow of revenue transactions through the organization • The documents‚ journals‚ and accounts that provide audit trails‚ promote the maintenance of records‚ support decision making‚ and sustain financial reporting • Risks associated with the revenue cycle and the controls that reduce these risks
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