DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES-EFFECTS AND EXCEPTIONS CONCEPT The object clause of the Memorandum of the company contains the object for which the company is formed. An act of the company must not be beyond the objects clause‚ otherwise it will be ultra vires and‚ therefore‚ void and cannot be ratified even if all the members wish to ratify it. This is called the doctrine of ultra vires‚ which has been firmly established in the case of Ashtray Railway Carriage and Iron Company Ltd v. Riche. Thus the expression
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The article “A Smart Exception” by David Gergen is about legal immigrants and the contributions that they have made to the country. Gergen urges America to allow more immigrants to come into country bust he specifically wants more skilled and smart people. One who are engineers‚ doctors‚ and scientists. He then continues to explain to us the US immigration process is too restrictive to legal immigrants and by allowing more skilled immigrants and giving them an easier faster way to get into the country
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ExceptionToRuleOFLaw The above rule of equality is however not an absolute rule and there are number exception to it v ‘Equality of Law’ does not mean the power of the private citizens are the same as the power of the public officials. Thus a police officer has the power to arrest you while no other private person has this power. This is not violation of rule of law. But rule of law does require that these powers should be clearly defined by law and that abuse of authority by public officers must
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2.4 The advantages of budgets 6 2.5 The disadvantages of budgets 7 2.6 Conclusion 8 Chapter 3 The relevance of budgets within Management and Control 10 3.1 Management control system 10 Management 10 Control 10 System 11 3.2 Budgeting within the Management control system 11 Chapter 4 Beyond Budgeting 13 4.1 The Beyond Budgeting concept 13 4.2 Advantages of Beyond Budgeting 14 4.3 Disadvantages of Beyond Budgeting 15 4.4 Differences between
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Double Taxation Double Taxation: Depending on what special rights and restrictions are attached to the shares‚ and how the profits of the corporation are paid out to the shareholders‚ there is the possibility of double taxation: the corporation must pay taxes on its profits and the shareholder may be subject to taxation on the profits paid out. This can result in greater taxation than if a corporation was not used for the business. C corporations pay taxes on profits when corporate income is distributed
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6 main disadvantages of decentralisation (1) The success of decentralization will depend upon the quality of personnel manning the decentralized units. In those cases where the training‚ experience‚ education etc of the employees are inadequate‚ decentralisation of authority and of decision making would be harmful for the enterprise. There will be wrong decisions‚ confusion‚ contradictions etc. (2) Decentralisation becomes uneconomic and unwieldy unless the organisation is large and strong enough
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PF-UNIT 5 RED TEAM ASSIGNMENT: WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE WITH RELATION TO ORGANIZATION? Project management infrastructure is a term used to describe collection of roles‚ tools and practices that organizations assemble and integrate in order to provide services and support for development. It is an art or science of assessment‚ selection and management of the project in order to maximize their benefits to the organization. |Area of impact
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Advantages of Total Quality Management (TQM) Improves Reputation - TQM programs have the advantage of improving corporate as well as product reputations in the marketplace‚ because errors and defective products are discovered much more rapidly than under a non-TQM system‚ and often before they are ever sent to market or found in the hands of the public. Higher Employee Morale - Compared to employees who are motivated‚ disengaged workers are less efficient‚ miss more workdays and cost organizations
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the most commonly cited disadvantages of CRM is that it can lead to dehumanization in sales processes. Instead of learning from firsthand experience which services and products clients prefer‚ salespeople access information digitally stored in databases. Some professionals believe that selling is most effective when sales professionals are able to appeal to clients at a visceral level. Some critics point to the the technical disadvantages of customer relationship management. In most cases‚ these
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The Advantage and Disadvantage of Pay for Performance Name of Student HRMT407 American Public University Professor Name January 6‚ 2013 Abstract As individuals start to enter the working world‚ one of the first things they learn is to expect to get paid either hourly or salary wise. However‚ many companies and organizations are starting to introduce a concept of pay for performance and this paper will make an attempt to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of paying employees
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