TARGET MARKETING - MEANING‚ BASIS AND ITS NEED It is not possible for a marketer to have similar strategies for product promotion amongst all individuals. Kids do not get attracted towards products meant for adults and vice a versa. Every segment has a different need‚ interest and perception. No two segments can have the same ideologies or require a similar product.Target Marketing refers to a concept in marketing which helps the marketers to divide the market into small units comprising of likeminded
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Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing model that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity resource to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. It also assigns more indirect costs (overhead) into direct costs. In business organization‚ the ABC methodology assigns an organization’s resource costs through activities to the products and services provided to its customers. It is generally used as a tool for understanding product and
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d University of Phoenix MKT 463 Targeting and Positioning the iPod There are many factors to consider when marketing a new or existing product. Segmentation‚ targeting‚ and positioning are important when identifying the specific target market‚ examining the role that consumer behavior plays when applying basic marketing concepts‚ and examining the impact of purchase trends on consumer behavior. Internal and external influences on consumer behavior are all factors that must be considered
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Backflush Costing Backflush costing is a traditional and standard costing systems track costs as products pass from raw materials‚ to work in progress‚ to finished goods‚ and finally to sales. Such systems are called ’sequential tracking systems’ because the accounting system entries occur in the same order as purchases and production. Sequential tracking is common where management desires to track direct material and labor time to individual operations and products. Backflush costing is a method
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the total cost per unit under throughput costing? Under throughput costing‚ are product costs higher or lower than with other costing methods? Under throughput costing‚ if the sales price per unit is $20‚ direct materials are $8.00 per unit‚ direct labor is $4.00 per unit‚ variable manufacturing overhead is $6.00 per unit‚ if 20‚000 units are produced‚ how much would the variable costs considered period costs on the income statement under throughput costing be? Direct labor be included as a product
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IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC COSTING IN BULK DRUG AND R&D DEPARTMENT OF A PHARMA INDUSTRY Submitted By KAUSTUBH NIJASURE Under the guidance of Prof. P.M. Nayak A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PART COMPLETITION OF MMS TO THE Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology Wadala (East)‚ Mumbai 400 031 JULY 14th‚ 2008 Executive summary: Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. has following divisions: 1. Bulk Drug 2. Formulations 3. Research and Development 4. Clinical Research
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Costing Methods Paper Yolanda Jones ACC/561 James Sullivan November 3‚ 2014 Costing Methods Paper Variable and absorption costing methods are two different costing methods. Almost all successful companies in the world use both methods. Variable costing and absorption costing cannot be substituted for one another because both the systems have their own benefits and limitations (Accounting for management). This paper will complete and discuss exercise 19-17 in Wiley Plus: it will discuss the following
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profits reported under variable and absorption costing differ? How can we reconcile the profits reported under the two approaches? Profits reported under variable and absorption costing will differ when inventory increases or decreases during the year. The difference involves the timing with which fixed manufacturing overhead becomes an expense. Under variable costing‚ fixed overhead is expensed immediately as it is incurred. Under absorption costing‚ fixed overhead is inventoried until the manufactured
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cost the services they render. Product costing is the accounting process of determining all business expenses pertaining to the creation of company products. These costs can include raw material purchases‚ worker wages‚ production transportation costs and retail stocking fees. A company uses these overall costs to plan a variety of business strategies‚ including setting product prices and developing promotional campaigns. A company also uses product costing to find ways to streamline
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Chapter 4 Activity-Based Costing 4-1 4-2 Traditional Costing and Activity-Based Costing Traditional Costing Systems Allocates overhead using a single predetermined rate. ► Job order costing: direct labor cost may be the relevant activity base. ► Process costing: machine hours may be the relevant activity base. Assumption was satisfactory when direct labor was a major portion of total manufacturing costs. ► Wide acceptance of a high correlation between
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