6 main disadvantages of decentralisation (1) The success of decentralization will depend upon the quality of personnel manning the decentralized units. In those cases where the training‚ experience‚ education etc of the employees are inadequate‚ decentralisation of authority and of decision making would be harmful for the enterprise. There will be wrong decisions‚ confusion‚ contradictions etc. (2) Decentralisation becomes uneconomic and unwieldy unless the organisation is large and strong enough
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The contingency approach to management emerged from the real life experience of managers who found that no single approach worked consistently in every situation. The basic idea of this approach is that number management technique or theory is appropriate in all situations. The main determinants of a contingency are related to the external and internal environment of an organisation. The process‚ quantitative‚ behavioural‚ and systems approaches to management did not integrate the environment. The
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allow for more intense educational research into medical matters. Disadvantage: Dependency The more advanced society becomes technologically‚ the more people begin to depend on computers and other forms of technology for everyday existence. This means that when a machine breaks or a computer crashes‚ humans become almost disabled until the problem is resolved. This kind of dependency on technology puts people at a distinct disadvantage‚ because they become less self-reliant. Advantage: Cost Efficiency
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order to get up-to-date‚ people tend to change their mobile phones once in a while. These became habits among the mobile phone users causing them to spend unnecessary cost on mobile bills and costs. Cyber bullying is also another issue among the disadvantages of mobile phones. Cyber bullying is a bullying act using offensive words and behavior via online chatting‚ emails or SMS text messages. It was showed that the psychological effects of cyber bullying are much severe that face-to-face bullying. This
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of language teaching which [he] called the Natural Approach" (Terrell 1977; 1982: 121). This was an attempt to develop a language teaching proposal that incorporated the "naturalistic" principles researchers had identified in studies of second language acquisition. At the same time he has joined forces with Stephen Krashen‚ an applied linguist at the University of Southern California‚ in elaborating a theoretical rationale for the Natural Approach‚ drawing on Krashen’s influential theory of second
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Cognitive approach The cognitive approach focuses on the way information is processed by humans. It looks at how we as individuals treat information and how it leads to responses. Cognitive psychologists study internal processes such as attention‚ language‚ memory‚ thinking and perception. The main assumption of this approach is that in when information is received it is then processed by the brain and this processing directs how we as individuals behave or justify why we behave the way we
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NVQ and Competence - Essay In this supporting paper to the presentation‚ the purpose‚ the nature and the advantages and disadvantages of NVQ will be stated and analysed; finishing with a conclusion as to whether to follow a NVQ or not. The definition of an NVQ is “A statement of competence clearly relevant to work and intended to facilitate entry into‚ or progression in‚ employment and further learning‚ issued to an individual by a recognized awarding body”. A national vocational qualification
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The Communicative Approach was founded by Robert Langs.. Psychoanalysis has turned reality on its head: We are taught to think of ourselves as distorters and misperceivers‚ unreliable slaves to our inner fantasies - especially when we are patients in therapy. But the communicative approach has shown that it is more accurate and compelling to see ourselves as highly reliable perceivers‚ with the understanding that our most valid perceptions are experienced unconsciously and encoded in the stories
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Advantages of Total Quality Management (TQM) Improves Reputation - TQM programs have the advantage of improving corporate as well as product reputations in the marketplace‚ because errors and defective products are discovered much more rapidly than under a non-TQM system‚ and often before they are ever sent to market or found in the hands of the public. Higher Employee Morale - Compared to employees who are motivated‚ disengaged workers are less efficient‚ miss more workdays and cost organizations
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Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers agreed with the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs‚ biological and humanistic approach. “The hierarchy of needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation‚ management training‚ and personal development” (Orana‚ 2009). Maslow’s book Personality and Motivation were published in 1954 introducing his theory of the hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) the hierarchy of needs was introduced
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