The Effects of Reputation and Ethics on Budgetary Slack This paper conducts an experimental study to test the effects on budgetary slack of two potential controls for opportunistic self-interest – reputation and ethics. In the experimental study the level of information asymmetry between the subordinate and the superior regarding productive capability is manipulated and the subordinate’s reputation and ethical concerns regarding budgetary slack are measured. The paper examines how information asymmetry
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CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION In accordance with the New Educational Reforms‚ every final year student is required to undertake a research work relevant to his/her field of study and make recommendations for possible solution in partial fulfilment for the award of Higher National Diploma. It is in accordance with this that the researcher has chosen to conduct a research on the topic: Budgeting in processing industries with West African Mills Company as a case study. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
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CHAPTER I 1.1 INTRODUCTION Budget and budgetary control practices are undeniably indispensable as organizations routinely go about their business activities and operations. These organizations are constantly on the alert on how actual levels of performance agree with planned or budgeted performance. A budget expresses a plan in monetary terms. It is prepared and approved prior to a particular budgeted period and explicitly may show the income‚ expenditure and the capital to be employed by organizations
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QUESTION 1 – Budgeting Process and Budgetary Control I have been asked to advise two entirely different businesses about the benefits and problems associated with what is termed the “traditional approach to budgeting and budgetary control”. One of the businesses operates in a very stable and static market place‚ where there is little change in either products or demand year on year‚ whereas the other business operates in a very dynamic‚ rapidly changing‚ innovative environment. If my findings
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IILUSTRATIONS - BUDGETES IILUSTRATION 1: PYE Ltd produces and markets a very popular product called P. The company is interested in presenting its budget for the second quarter of the year. The following information is made available for this purpose. 1. Its expects to sell 50‚000 bags of during the second quarter at a selling price of Rs 9 per kg 2. Each bag of P Requires 2.5 kgs of raw material Q and 7.5 kgs of raw material R. 3. Q costs Rs 1.20 per kg‚ R costs 20 paisa per kg
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FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT Management Reporting Budgetary Control NO 213 BUDGETARY CONTROL AND VARIANCE ANALYSIS £ £££ ££££££ 1 333 35753 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT ONE OF A SERIES OF GUIDES FOR FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT FROM www.FinancialManagementDevelopment.com This is one of a series of documents produced by David A Palmer as a guide for managers on specific financial topics to assist informed discussion. Readers should take appropriate advice before acting
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“A budgetary planning and control system may include many individual budgets which are integrated into a ‘master budget’.” Budgeting is concerned with the implementation of long term strategic plans‚ by translating these long term plans into short term plans of action. A budget is a plan showing a firms short term objectives‚ and how management intends to acquire‚ use‚ and control the resources in order to attain these objectives. A firms budget should be comprehensive and co-ordinated. That
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PUBLIC BUDGET AND BUDGETARY CONTROL IN NIGERIA INTRODUCTION In many ways budget documents are the most important manifestation of public they record the outcome of the political process: winners and losers of the political competition. They delineate government total service effort. As political documents budget allocate scarce resources among competing social and economic needs. As managerial documents they specify the ways and means for providing for government services. By establishing
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Densie Keaton Social Networking Advantages and Disadvantages HLT 610 Grand Canyon University Finding the advantages and disadvantages of social networking for career advancement was to say the least interesting. The employment advancement with Social media in education can teach students marketing skills early on in the process. When using sites like Facebook‚ twitter‚ and Instagram individuals are able to send information about themselves out to millions of people. If that same person
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Budgetary Analysis HCS 550 March 2‚ 2015 John Dean Budgetary Analysis The United States administers a healthcare program that is nationwide to qualifying individuals who are either disabled or have a low-income. This program is one of the largest contributors for providing health care services for poverty-stricken Americans. It is collectively receives its funding from state governments as well as the federal government. The major responsible party for funding is the state government (“Overview of
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