frequency does a participant’s visual acuity for a contrast sensitivity function display a peak performance across different sine – wave gratings. The ability to contrast sensitivity is useful in everyday life‚ more than people imagine. These contrast sensitivity functions focus primarily on the participants’ ability to detect accurately the presence of a sine – wave grating across different levels of contrast. The one way repeated participants design indicated there was a reliable effect of spatial frequency
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Sounds are produced by the vibrations of material objects‚ and travel as a result of momentum transfer when air molecules collide. Our subjective impression’ about the frequency of a sound is called pitch. High pitch has high vibration frequency‚ while low pitch has a low vibration frequency. A pure musical tone consists of a single pitch or frequency. However‚ most musical tones are "complex summations" of various pure frequencies - one characteristic frequency‚ called the fundamental‚ and
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1. This question is about lasers. (a) With reference to the light waves emitted by a laser‚ state what is meant by the terms (i) monochromatic. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (1) (ii) coherent. ...............................................................................
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EXPERIMENT: 1 Object: To find the wavelength of Sodium light by Newton’s ring. Apparatus required: A Plano convex lens of large radius of curvature‚ optical arrangement for Newton’s rings‚ plane glass plate; sodium lamp and traveling microscope. Formula used: The wavelength of light is given by the formula λ =D n2+p –Dn2 / 4pR Where D n+p = diameter of (n+p)th ring Dn = diameter of n th ring‚ P = an integer number‚ R = radius of curvature of the curved face of the Plano- convex lens.
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In this experiment‚ we aim to: (a) determine the refractive index n of a polymer slab from its constructive and destructive thin-film microwave interference; and (b) determine the lattice constant a of an array of thin copper rods from its Bragg diffraction of the incident microwave. Introduction Thin Film Interference When plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength λ is incident on a dielectric surface‚ part of the electromagnetic wave is reflected‚ and part of it is transmitted. If the dielectric
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3B Wave Motion II 5 Chapter 5 Nature of Waves Practice 5.1 (p. 7) 1 B 2 D 3 (a) Transverse wave 11 Speed = f = 5 0.2 = 1 m s1 1 1 (ii) Period = = = 0.2 s f 5 (a) (i) (b) A heavier string (length unchanged) has greater mass per unit length. Therefore‚ (b) Longitudinal wave 4 (a) Water wave and EM wave (b) Sound wave 5 12 For case I‚ energy is transferred to the cork directly from the stone. For case II‚ energy is transferred to the cork through water waves. 6 = 1.6667 = 1
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AC 6/6/2012 Item No. 4.76 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI Bachelor of Engineering First Year Engineering ( Semester I & II)‚ Revised course (REV‐ 2012) from Academic Year 2012 ‐13‚ (Common for All Branches of Engineering) (As per Credit Based Semester and Grading System with effect from the academic year 2012–2013) First Year Engineering ( Semester I & II)‚ Revised course from Academic Year 2012 ‐13‚ (REV‐ 2012)
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Principles of X-ray Diffraction Diffraction effects are observed when electromagnetic radiation impinges on periodic structures with geometrical variations on the length scale of the wavelength of the radiation. The interatomic distances in crystals and molecules amount to 0.15–0.4 nm which correspond in the electromagnetic spectrum with the wavelength of x-rays having photon energies between 3 and 8 keV. Accordingly‚ phenomena like constructive and destructive interference should become observable
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dm24@cornell.edu Rm 274 Clark Hall‚ 255-4065 Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll built the first electron microscope in 1931 (Nobel Prize to Ruska in 1986) T4 Bacteriophage Electron Microscopy bridges the 1 nm – 1 μm gap David Muller 2008 between x-ray diffraction and optical microscopy Tools of the Trade AFM MFM Scanned Probe Microscope (includes Atomic Force Microscope) Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope David Muller 2008 Biological and Electronic Component
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GROUP A MODEL ANSWER Brafman et al.‚ Five New Zinc Sulphide Polytypes: 10L (8 2); 14L (5 4 2 3); 24 L (5 3)3; 26L (17 4 2 3) and 28L (9 5 5 0). Acta Cryst. 22‚ 347 - 352 (1967). DO NOT PLAGIARISE THIS MODEL ANSWER Paragraph 1 ZnS exists in two polymorphs‚ namely sphalerite and wurzite. Analysis of its symmetry and crystal structure using ATOMS will be used to deduce its possible polytypic stacking sequences as well as the orientation relationship between these two structures. Sphalerite is
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