preparation of important organic molecules. When two carbon-carbon double bonds are positioned next to one another‚ a conjugated diene is formed. Conjugated dienes undergo a cycloaddition reaction (also called pericyclic addition) with certain double bonds to afford cyclohexenes and related compounds. The reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic anhydride is an example of a Diels-Alder reaction. This reaction forms a six-membered ring from two reagents: a conjugated "diene" (which provides four of
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Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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aqueous solutions of KMnO4. c) The compound readily adds hydrogen. d) The compound is comparable to benzene in stability. Q6. Which reagent(s) would serve as the basis for a simple chemical test that would distinguish between benzene and cyclohexene? a) NaOH in H2O b)
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Jennifer Alambra‚ Ma. Nancy Anulat‚ Alfonso Apepe*‚ Jacqueline Arsenal 3Bio4 Department of Biological Sciences - College of Science‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila ABSTRACT The unknown hydrocarbon sample was differentiated and characterized by the use of three tests. The outcomes of these tests are as follows: Nitration test (negative)‚ Bromine test (positive) and Basic Oxidation test (positive). From these results the unknown sample can be classified
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form via a loss of a hydrogen on a β-Carbon. Many techniques and skills were developed in this lab. Among them were dehydration‚ isolation‚ drying‚ and distillation. We used all of these techniques to get the product we were looking for. In addition to these experimental techniques we also verified our product via spectroscopy which is a new technique. Using IR spectroscopy we were able to specifically analyze the functional groups on our product. Results and Discussions: Reaction Equation:
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Introduction The Diels-Alder Reaction is a reaction used in organic chemistry that builds rings very efficiently (1)‚ this cycloaddition process allows for the stereoselective formation of cyclohexene rings possessing as many as four contiguous stereogenic centers (3). This reaction occurs without intermediates‚ in a single step‚ which explains the stereospecificity due to substituents not being given the chance to “switch around”. (1)These six membered rings are synthesized by reacting a dienophile
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4-methylcyclohexene‚ and trace acid. D. Questions: 1. Outline a mechanism for the dehydration of 4-methylcyclohexanol catalyzed by phosphoric acid. 2. What major alkene product is produced by the dehydration of the following alcohols? a. Cyclohexanol Cyclohexene b. 1-Methylcyclohexanol methylcyclohexene c. 2-Methylcyclohexanol methylcyclohexne d. 2‚2-dimethylcyclohexanol 1‚2-dimethylcyclohexene 3. Compare and interpret the infrared spectra of 4-Methylcyclohexene and 4-Methylcyclohexanol. 4. Identify
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Equations: Theoretical Yield: There was no Theoretical yield in this experiment Procedure: Fill a 50 mL beaker with 30 mL of water and place it on the hot plate. Add 14 drops of olive oil to a 10 mL round bottom flask and then add 1 mL of cyclohexene. Add .05 grams of 10% palladium-on-carbon to the round bottom flask. Add a boiling chip to the round bottom flask and attach the flask to your reflux condenser. Use the water bath from the first step to reflux the mixture for approximately 20 minutes
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miscible liquids by microscale process. There will be use of simple and fractional distillation. Simple and fractional distillation efficiencies will be compared. The student should have knowledge of how to measure volumes of chemical compounds. In addition‚ the student should know how to make a bent-tip pasture pipette for microscale distilltions. Distillation is commonly used in chemistry when compounds need to be seperated because of their differences in their boiling points. Many organic compounds
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Reminder: These notes are meant to supplement‚ not replace‚ the laboratory manual. A Diels-Alder Reaction History and Application: The 1950 Nobel prize in chemistry was awarded to Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder for their breakthrough work on the discovery and development of [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions i. This set of reactions are enormously useful in the synthesis of six membered rings in a single stepii. These are used in many pharmaceutical applications. Tamiflu® is a drug which
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