Analysis of Hydrocarbons Jessa Grace B. Castillo* and Stephanie Chua Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines ______________________________________________ Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbons and further divided in major types. Hydrocarbons react differently in reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests.
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2-bromo-1-ethyl-2-butene D. 3-bromo-2-ethyl-1-butene E. 3-bromo-2‚2-dimethyl-1-butene 9. Assign an IUPAC name to the unsaturated hydrocarbon shown below. A. methyl-3-cyclohexene B. 4-methyl-1-cyclohexene C. 3-methylcyclohexene D. 1-methyl-3-cyclohexene E.
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radicals substitution 4. 5. 6. Describe the preparation and reactions of alkenes. 7. Propose mechanism on preparation; dehydration of alcohol 8. Define carbocation‚ electrophile and Markovnikov’s Rule. 9. Propose mechanism on reaction addition of cold sulphuric acid and Hydrogen halide Alkanes Nomenclature of Alkanes Sources & Importance of Alkanes A. Natural Gas Consists of 90-95% methane with lesser amounts of ethane and other low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons
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Chemical properties of alkenes Aim: To test the reactivity of alkenes using cyclohexene as an example. Apparatus/Materials: Cyclohexene‚ liquid alkane‚ aqueous bromine‚ test tubes‚ light source‚ watch glass‚ splint‚ 0.1 MKMnO4‚ concentrated H2SO4‚ dilute H2SO4. Method: Combustion: 1. A watch glass was placed on a benched protection sheet in a fume cupboard and the extractor in the fume on. 2. 4 drops of cyclohexene was placed on the watch glass using a teat
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Abstract The bromination of trans-cinnamic acid was completed to determine dibromide’s stereochemical structure and its mechanism. After the addition of bromine to trans-cinnamic acid‚ the product was identified by its melting point and infrared spectrum resulting in erythro-2‚3-Dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid after comparing similar properties. Introduction In this lab‚ the bromination of trans-cinnamic acid was completed to determine dibromide’s stereochemical structure‚ and from there determine
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004:121 Organic I Fall 2010 Final Exam Please read each question carefully before answering. Answer the questions in ink in the spaces provided inside. If you make changes as you go‚ please make sure your final answer is clearly indicated. Scratch papers are available at the end. Total points = 150. You have 120 min. Good Luck! ____________________________________________________________ ___________ Grading: Q.# 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Score (Max) __________ (60 pts) __________ (18
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( polyethylene) through addition reactions * Examples: ethylene oxide (CH2)2O -> sterilizer Ethanol (C3COOH) -> solvent Polyethylene (CH2)n -> plastic 1D – identify that ethylene serves as a monomer from which polymers are made * Individual monomers of ethene join by covalent bonds to form long chain polymers 1E – identify polyethylene as an addition polymer and explain the meaning of this term * Addition polymerisation to form polyethylene
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Experiment 1 Stereochemistry Stereochemistry is the study of the three-dimensional configuration that makes up a molecule and the ways in which this arrangement affects the physical and chemical properties of molecules. Isomerism is the main concern of stereochemistry. Isomers are sets of chemical compounds with identical molecular formulas but different structural properties. There are two types of isomers‚ structural isomers and stereoisomers. Structural isomers are subdivided into two:
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY – MAKING AND PURIFYING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Stage 1 – Deciding how much reagent to use Most organic reactions do not go to completion; most reach an equilibrium position with significant quantities of reactants still remaining. In addition‚ separating the desired product from the rest of the reaction mixture‚ and then purifying it‚ will result in the loss of more of the product. The amount of product obtained expressed as a percentage of the theoretical maximum amount possible and
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Chem 205 I. Title and Equation: Unimolecular Elimination + 2 Isomers II. Experimental Procedure : In a flask‚ 0.081 mol of 2-methycyclohexanol and 3 mL of 85% H3PO4 were mixed. The mixture was boiled under a fractional distillation column‚ and 7 mL of the distillate was collected. The organic and aqueous layers were separated and the organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. The product was analyzed using GC. III. Conclusion: In this experiment‚ 2-methylcyclohexanol
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