equation are assets‚ liabilities‚ and equity. Assets include Cash‚ Accounts Receivable‚ Notes Receivable‚ Prepaid Expenses‚ Land‚ Building‚ Equipment‚ Furniture‚ and Fixtures. Liabilities include Accounts Payable‚ Notes Payable‚ Accrued Liability‚ and Unearned Revenue. Equity includes Owner’s Capital‚ Owner’s Withdrawals‚ Revenue‚ and Expenses. 2. Companies need a way to organize their accounts so they use a chart of accounts. Accounts starting with 1 are usually Assets‚ 2 – Liabilities‚ 3 – Equity
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Introduction to Control Accounts • Trade receivables are reported as a current asset and trade payables are reported as current liability in the balance sheet at the end of an accounting period. • It is important‚ therefore‚ that a business taken steps to ensure the accuracy of these figures. • One such step is the preparation of Control account to confirm that the total of the sales ledger balances and the total of the purchases ledger balances are accurate What is Control Account? •
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Control of Cash Receipts Internal control of cash receipts ensures that cash received is properly recorded and deposited. Cash receipts can arise from transactions such as collections of customer accounts‚ receipts of interest earned‚ bank loans‚ sales of assets‚ and owner investments. The two important types of cash receipts are: Over-the-Counter Cash Receipts For purposes of internal control‚ over-the-counter cash receipts from sales should be recorded on a cash register at the time of each
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J1 Date Account Titles and Explanation Ref. Debit Credit 2014 Cash 101 20‚000 May. 1 Common stock 311 20‚000 (Issued shares of stock for cash) 3 Supplies 126 1‚500 Accounts Payable 201 1‚500 (Purchased supplies on account
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(b)‚ the control environment sets the tone of an organization‚ influencing the control consciousness of its people. It is the foundation for all the other components of internal control‚ providing discipline and structure for the whole organization. It is important to an entity in the overall attitude and actions of managements. To overcome the weaknesses for the internal control system over sales‚ the company should have separation of the duties. The company should assign separate cash handlings
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CONTROL ACCOUNTS AND ITS USES INTRODUCTION: As the business grows in size‚ more than one ledger is required for recording its transactions which have also expanded with the business. Since the bulk of the entries are made in the accounts of debtors and creditors‚ these two classes of accounts are taken out of the General Ledger and put in separate ledgers - the Sales Ledger for debtors’ accounts and the Purchases Ledger for creditors’ accounts. There may be more than three ledgers but for simplicity
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Internal cash control is very important to any business. Without effective methods in place to ensure that funds and resources are being used in an ethical and efficient way‚ a company may lose money or run into many other problems. Through proper establishment of responsibly‚ segregation of duties‚ document procedures‚ and security measures‚ any company should be able to maintain their funds and feel confident that their employees are producing accurate and ethical results. In the exercise detailing
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Applications of Internal Control to Cash Receipts ---Cash receipts may result from cash sales; collections on account from customers; the receipt of interest‚ rents‚ and dividends; investments by owners; bank loans; and proceeds from the sale of noncurrent assets. ---The following internal control principles explained earlier apply to cash receipts transactions as shown: Establishment of responsibility - Only designated personnel (cashiers) are authorized to handle cash receipts. Segregation
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Key Controls | Transaction-Related Audit Objective | Test of Control | Substantive Test of Transaction | 1. Segregation of the purchasing‚ receiving‚ and cash disbursements functions. | Job responsibilities are correctly divided amongst personnel (classification). | Employ different personnel and have sign offs to ensure that no one person is performing multiple functions to prevent any types of fraud. | Trace a purchase order (PO) from fulfillment to initiation to determine if the proper
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LE University of Gujrat Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology MSc Final Project Proposal Computer Science & Information Technology Version 1.0 Master’s Project Proposal Web Based Point of Sale System Project Advisor: Sir Iqbal Khan Submitted to the Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology University Of Gujrat in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Submitted
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