2 Management and Motivation Nancy H. Shanks LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter the student will be able to: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Frame the context for understanding the concept of motivation‚ particularly who and what motivates employees; Provide an overview of the different theories of motivation; Identify extrinsic and intrinsic factors that impact motivation; Assess misconceptions about motivation; and‚ Suggest strategies to enhance employee motivation. INTRODUCTION Managers
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Theories in Motivation: Biddle (2003) conducted a study examining the relationship between motivation and self perception. In his study he looked at a number of motivational theories and how these theories have been used to in relation to motivation in sporting and physical activity setting. These theories include Self determination theory (Deci‚ 1985)‚ the Social Cognitive theory (Bandura‚1977)‚ the Competence Motivation theory and Achievement Goal theory (Tsang‚ 2007). Achievement Goal Theory:
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Motivation is what moves a person to do things. There are five approaches to motivation and they are drive-reduction‚ arousal‚ incentive‚ self-determination‚ and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. When there is a need and a drive (primary and secondary)‚ this is referred to as the drive-reduction approach. This approach is when someone pursues the satisfaction of our wants and needs. Most people are motivated by three types of needs‚ the need for achievement‚ the need for affiliation‚ and the need
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Importance of motivation Most motivation theorists assume that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses; that is‚ a learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized. The major question among psychologists‚ in general‚ is whether motivation is a primary or secondary influence on behavior. That is‚ are changes in behavior better explained by principles of environmental/ecological influences‚ perception‚ memory‚ cognitive development‚ emotion‚ explanatory style‚ or
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Psychology and Motivation What are some of the limitations of traditional approaches to motivation? Discuss this question‚ referring to at least three specific management theories and considering the historical context in which these ideas were developed or adopted. Motivation in general refers to the result of behavioral changes in reaction to internal or external stimuli. Analysis can be done at the individual psychological level too. The studies attempt to understand people’s behaviour and
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Introduction If I ask any person who is successful in whatever he or she is doing what motivates him/her‚ very likely the answer will be "goals". Goal setting is extremely important to motivation and success. We are still students but almost everybody of us has been working somewhere. I have few simple questions for you. So what motivates you? What do you expect from your current position? What do you think are the most important aspects to a job? A good first step towards understanding what
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Introduction to Motivation At one time‚ employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. What perhaps changed this way of thinking about employees was research‚ referred to as the Hawthorne Studies‚ conducted by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932 (Dickson‚ 1973). This study found employees are not motivated solely by money and employee behavior is linked to their attitudes (Dickson‚ 1973). The Hawthorne Studies began the human relations approach to management‚ whereby
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1.0 INTRODUCTION Motivation refers to “the reasons underlying behavior” (Guay et al.‚ 2010‚). Paraphrasing Gredler‚ Broussard and Garrison (2004) broadly define motivation as “the attribute that moves us to do or not to do something” (p. 106). Intrinsic motivation is motivation that is animated by personal enjoyment‚ interest‚ or pleasure. As Deci et al. (1999) observe‚ “Intrinsic motivation energizes and sustains activities through the spontaneous satisfactions inherent in effective volitional
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m Motivation Theories By Therese Mac Donald Table of Content Page 3 – Introduction Maslow Page 4- Porter & Lawler Page 5- David Mc Chelland F Hertzberg’s Hackman & Oldham Page 6- Heekhausen’s Theories Vroom Justice S Adams D Atkinson B Skinner Page 7- Conclusion 17 November 2012 Therese Donovan Motivation Theories There are quite a number of modern motivational theories that attempt to identify the key needs and
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MOTIVATION IN ORGANIZATION “Motivation refers to the force that cause people to behave in a certain way.” *(Psychological) forces acting on a person that initiate (begin) and direct behavior REWARDS: INSTRINSIC REWARDS The satisfaction received in the process of performing an action. Completion of complex task may give pleasant feelings or solving a problem that benefits other may fulfill person’s mission. A reward given by another person. Promotion Pay increase FOUNDATION OF MOTIVATION Different
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