Values‚ as defined by Webster’s Dictionary‚ are principles‚ standards‚ or qualities considered worthwhile or desirable by a human being. One’s values may not‚ however‚ be worthwhile or desirable by others in general or by all in some cases. For example the values of one Adolf Hitler were of a most distressing quality. Despite this his beliefs in the moral‚ physical‚ and mental superiority of his so-called "Arian" race were upheld by millions of Germans yet completely despised by the rest of the world
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underlying the research; explain the practical significance of these assumptions and their effect on its applicability to other authors and post-positive thinkers. Philosophical Assumptions Underlying the Research Feldman (2003) stated that epistemology‚ the theory of knowledge is a philosophy that looks into the questions about knowledge and rational. Epistemologist`s tend to focus or concentrate on questions of principal aspects involving knowledge and how those beliefs regulate coherent belief
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more than experience. This leads to reasoning and understanding. We can get a priori knowledge in three different ways. The first one is that the knowledge already could be in our minds at the mind’s inception‚ for instance the Forms‚ which is Descartes’ idea of God. This goes back to the first way of a priori: Prior to experience. The second one is intuition‚ which is the term we use when something is just obvious and we can’t explain how we know. Here we can use the same example as on second and
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Philosophy of Science and Social Science Research Practice An epistemological approach to interpret an article from the field of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) Sajjadllah Alhawsawi 19/01/2009 Introduction In this paper‚ after reading outside sources‚ I selected three concepts: humanism‚ social-constructivism‚ and scepticism. These will be discussed in the following
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1. Hume’s Influences In a 1737 letter‚ Hume wrote that readers of the Treatise would benefit by looking at writings by Nicolas Malebranche‚ George Berkeley‚ Pierre Bayle‚ and René Descartes: I shall submit all my Performances to your Examination‚ & to make you enter into them more easily‚ I desire of you‚ if you have Leizure‚ to read once over le Recherche de la Verité of Pere Malebranche‚ the Principles of Human Knowledge by Dr Berkeley‚ some of the more metaphysical Articles of Baile’s Dictionary;
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His ideas were of knowledge that we can be sure of and relations of the mind and body. He never believed in anything that he couldn’t be certain of‚ but he did believe that God is real. Descartes ideas of extension show the world as thought and matter. Spinoza-pg 250 Spinoza was influenced by Descartes. He believed that the whole world was a part of God‚ that thought and extensions were just traits of God that we can see in ourselves‚ and that God controls everything. Locke-pg 259 Locke
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God Does Not Necessarily Have to Exist In Descartes’ Meditations‚ he makes the strong claim that God must exist. I will first explain what Descartes’s argument for God’s existence is‚ and then I will attempt to support the argument that God does not need to necessarily exist through objections and replies. Premise 1: “We have an idea of God as an infinite and perfect being.” First‚ Descartes believes that there are properties that are inherently perfect. For example‚ being good is a perfection
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strongly disagreed with innatism. Locke even went as far as to spend his entire book I in his “ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING” attacking innatism. They not only believe that all ideas derive from experience but they strongly oppose innatism. Descartes believed in innatism‚ that we are born with ideas and knowledge in our minds already. Hume and Locke openly disapprove the idea of innatism and go on to write essays and books explaining how ideas are formed through experiences‚ through a scientific
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79- 185. Print. Eskritt‚ Michelle. The influence of symbolic literacy on memory: testing Plato’s hypothesis. Retrieved on August 9‚ 2011‚ from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1196196102000375 Fine‚ Gail. Plato 1: Metaphysics and Epistemology. Turkey: Oxford University Press‚ 2000. 45- 201. Print. Garvey‚ James. Twenty Greatest Philosophy Books. London: Continuum‚ 2006.103- 321.Print. Havelock‚ Eric. Preface to Plato (History of the Greek Mind). Massachusetts: Belknap Press‚ 2005. 47-
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understand‚ let alone to understand the entire world. “If our brain was simple enough for us to understand it‚ we would be so stupid we wouldn’t be able to understand it after all.” (Jostein Gaarder‚ 1990‚ p. 141) The phrase “Cogito‚ ergo sum.” (Rene Descartes‚ 1637) or rather‚ “I think‚ therefore I am.” hypothesizes that “The only thing that remains true [is] that there is a mind or consciousness doing the doubting and believing
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