In order to disprove skepticism‚ Descartes decided to use skepticism. He would out-doubt skeptics by doubting everything he had ever believed until he arrived at something that could not be doubted. While doubting everything he believed he also found a way to doubt the empiricists’ view
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The New Science * Beginning to see the appearance of the individual of the self. New methods were revealing a completely secular universe to this new man and showing him how he could satisfy his new desires. * Science and scientific method * Empirical and deductive * Emphasis on empirical or deductive methods lead to radically different metaphysical and epistemological (what we can know/how we know that we know) theories and to different conceptions of the implications of scientific
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Methods and Interpretation Guba EG‚ Lincoln YS (1994) Competing paradigms in qualitative research Hesse M (1980) Revolutions and Reconstructions in the Philosophy of Science Horsfall JM (1995) Madness in our methods: nursing research‚ scientific epistemology. Johnson RB‚ Onwuegbuzie AJ (2004) Mixed methods research: a research paradigm whose Lincoln YS‚ Guba EG (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry © RCN Publishing / NURSE RESEARCHER Mertens DM (2003) Mixed methods Mill JE‚ Allen MN‚ Morrow RA (2001) Critical
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The Real Truth about Doubt I believe the dispute between the two virtues‚ certainty and doubt‚ is very controversial. Despite the clear sides that people have fixed themselves to‚ there are pros and cons to both. A person’s doubt can cloud their judgment. Yet it can also aid them in making the better decision‚ by questioning and eliminating the inferior options. On the other hand‚ a person’s certainty can blind them from seeing the truth. Regardless of these cons‚ both are necessary in the everyday
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state of animation. There is no mention of God or Deity in the other two readings. Another contrast would be‚ in The Matrix‚ everyone is hooked up to central computers‚ in Allegory of the Cave‚ the people are chained to a wall in a cave‚ and in Descartes writing‚ he is merely a prisoner of his own
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Plato was a highly educated Athenian Philosopher. He lived from 428-348 B.C. Plato spent the early portion of his life as a disciple to Socrates‚ which undoubtedly helped shape his philosophical theories. One topic that he explored was epistemology. Epistemology is the area of philosophy that deals with questions concerning knowledge‚ and that considers various theories of knowledge (Lawhead 52). Plato had extremely distinct rationalistic viewpoints. Rationalism is the claim that reason‚ or intellect
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In the Meditations‚ after Descartes casts ideas as modes that represent objects to the mind‚ he divides ideas into kinds. He says: Among my ideas‚ some appear to be innate‚ some to be adventitious‚ and others to have been invented by me. My understanding of what a thing is‚ what truth is‚ and what thought is‚ seems to derive simply from my own nature. But my hearing a noise‚ as I do now‚ or seeing the sun‚ or feeling the fire‚ comes from things which are located outside me‚ or so I have hitherto
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(Popkin & Stroll‚ Philosophy Made Simple‚ 1993). The doubt or the denial of the possibility of knowledge is known as skepticism. Knowledge requires certainty; this implies that before we can claim to know anything we must be certain (Omoregbe‚ J.‚ Epistemology‚ 2007). Certainty therefore becomes a priority to lay claim to any knowledge. Augustine’s first skepticism was refuted by the principle of contradiction‚ which states that “a proposition and its contradiction cannot both be true; therefore
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Love and the three epistemologies: What is epistemology? Using my own “common sense”‚ I would say it’s the study of how we know. It is the ways of knowing. We use it to understand our reality. To get an even better understanding‚ we can reference the definition from Dictionary.com‚ which states: “EPISTEMOLOGY: A branch of philosophy that investigates the origin‚ nature‚ methods‚ and limits of human knowledge.” The World English Dictionary words it like so: “The theory of knowledge‚ the
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ENLIGHTENMENT The Enlightenment is the period in the history of western thought and culture‚ stretching roughly from the mid-decades of the seventeenth century through the eighteenth century‚ characterized by dramatic revolutions in science‚ philosophy‚ society and politics; these revolutions swept away the medieval world-view and ushered in our modern western world. Enlightenment thought culminates historically in the political upheaval of the French Revolution‚ in which the traditional hierarchical
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