Knowledge which can be proved 50% to be true. d. None of the above. 14. Why did Descartes reject sensory perception as a means of obtaining knowledge? a. You can’t always trust your senses. b. Your senses cannot give you 100% indubitable knowledge. c. Your senses sometimes play tricks on you. d. All the above 15. What do we call the four foundational elements Descartes claimed was necessary to have knowledge (God‚ Logic‚ Math‚ and Morals)? a. Logical knowledge b. Sensory
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Grosz looks at ancient philosophical writers such as Plato‚ Aristotle and Descartes that evidently emphasize ‘ideals based on sexual binaries and hierarchies’ (47). ). Descartes accomplished‘ Dualism’ which regards both the body and the mind as ‘two mutually exclusive and mutually exhaustive‚ each‚ inhabiting their own self-contained sphere’ (48) contradicting feminist work
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Key Contributors Principal Issues Epistemology Epistemology is the investigation into the grounds and nature of knowledge. Found in the 1800’s From Old Greece forward‚ Plato‚ Socrates‚ and developmental ideas. Rationalism means the knowledge can be acquired through the use of reason and empiricism is obtained through experience. Externalism‚ empiricism‚ constructivism‚ and etc. Rene Descartes Immanuel Kant Aristotle Plato Locke Berkeley Spinoza The kind
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or conscious awareness. Independent of this theory of ideas‚ Descartes’ methodical doubts underwrite an assumption with similar force: for almost the entirety of the Meditations‚ his meditator-spokesperson (the ‘meditator’)‚ adopts the assumption that his every thought is occurring in a dream. Essentially the assumption is a requirement that justification come in the form of ideas”. Reference: Lex Newman (2005) ‘Descartes Epistemology’ in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Available online @
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definitely an essential part in philosophy. It forces us to question whether we are certain of the things we think we know‚ and whether we can justify the things we know are actually true. This theory or study of knowledge can be referred to as epistemology. All these views on knowledge can vary depending on how we view the world itself. We are able to perceive the world through the application of our senses‚ however‚ our senses alone can be very deceiving. We can never really be definite of what
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is an ever-growing‚ changing‚ developing field. From the early days of Descartes to more resent of Watson‚ psychology always has been an always changing discipline‚ but to go forward‚ you must understand the past and how it came to be. Before psychology there was philosophy. Descartes was around during the end of the Renaissance and in the era of revolutionary developments in science. Born in 1596 to a French lawyer‚ Descartes could understand more than most. When he was in his late 20’s‚ he resembled
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live within. Comparing these two with Descartes “The Things of Which we May Doubt” the likeness lies with the questioning of another reality. Descartes however‚ is not given an option of another reality. He is questioning if his current surroundings and his senses are truly honest with his being and how we are able to prove what is real and what is not real. According to our lecture by Dr. Foreman‚ the movie the Matrix is a Hollywood version of Descartes’ “Evil Demon Hypothesis” also known as
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DEVELOPMENTS SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT KEY CONTRIBUTORS PRINCIPAL ISSUES Epistemology the theory of knowledge‚ is the branch of philosophy concerned with these questions a. Schools of thought and historical development 1) Skeptics a) Ancient (1) Pyrrho of Elis (2) Sextus Empiricus b) Medieval (1) St. Augustine 2) Rationalists a) Ancient (1) Plato b) Medieval (1) St. Anselm (2) St. Augustine c) Modern (1) Descartes (2) Leibniz (3) Spinoza 3) Empiricists a) Ancient (1) Aristotle
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Theories of Justification Identify and carefully examine two theories of justification. “The concern with understanding human knowledge has been a central philosophical one.”1“Like Rene Descartes‚ we have all ask ourselves at one time or another couldn’t everything I seem to see‚ hear‚ etc. Be illusory? Might I’ll in fact be dreaming all this? If so what do I really know of the outside world?"2 Knowledge is a vague concept according to Bertrand
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investigating two streams of thought in this period. First‚ we will look at Early Modern metaphysics and epistemology‚ focusing on Descartes‚ Locke‚ Berkeley‚ and Hume. And second‚ we will examine the political theory emerging at the time‚ particularly in the writings of Hobbes‚ Locke‚ and Rousseau. TEXTS The following editions are recommended‚ though public domain editions can be found online: Descartes‚ Meditations on First Philosophy‚ (Hackett‚ 2003). Hobbes‚ Leviathan‚ (Penguin‚ 1981). Rousseau‚ Social
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