done by preliminary test and with the solubility test. Preliminary test used two known compounds also the unknowns. Physical state‚ color‚ odor‚ and ignition test were noted. The known compounds are inorganic and organic compounds. A comparison is made from the observation in the unknown sample‚ by which we had concluded that there were two organic compounds and one inorganic among the unknowns. In order to have a strong background about the solubility test‚ we first classify organic compounds of known
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chemical properties of aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acid‚ carboxylic acid derivatives and amines. Write‚ explain and solve problems related the reaction mechanisms for nucleophilic addtition of carbonyl compounds and nucleophilic acyl substitution of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Develop synthetic methods for preparations of various types of aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids‚ carboxylic acid derivatives and amines. Plan‚ conduct‚ observe and report experiments in organic chemistry 2
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Functional Groups of Organic Compounds A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms in the HC derivative other than carbon and hydrogen. Literally‚ the functional group determines the functions of the particular HC derivative in chemical reactions. This means that the specific properties of the HC derivative are due to its functional group. Each functional group is attached to an alkyl radical (R). An alkyl radical is one H atom less than the given alkane. The alkyl radical (R) uses
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Synthesis of DEET Abstract: For this experiment m-toluic acid was reacted with thionyl chloride resulting in a nucleophilic acyl substitution which could then be used to create DEET with excess diethyl amine (Figure 1). This was done by adding diethyl amine drop wise using a seperatory funnel which resulted in a gas formation which was controlled with a condenser attached to a gas vacuum. The resulting mixture was then washed to remove excess acids and bases and rotovapped. DEET was synthesized
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molecule of ammonia or an amine. An example of an aminolysis reaction is the replacement of a halogen in an alkyl group (R-X) by an amine (R’-NH2) and the elimination of hydrogen halide (HX). R-X + R’-NH2 → R-NH-R’ + HX Another common example is the reaction of a primary amine or secondary amine with a carboxylic acid or with a carboxylic acid derivative to form an amide. This reaction is widely used‚ especially in the synthesis of peptides. On the simple addition of an amine to a carboxylic acid
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values obtained from unknown and compare it with the standards. The amino acid identity is the one that has the lowest absolute value of difference with the unknown. In using the thin layer chromatography in the experiment‚ Sanger’s method was also incorporated to determine the proper sequence of the dipeptide. It is a colorimetric method that uses 1- fluoro- 2‚4- dinitrobenzene (FDNB) and reacts with free amino ‚ imidazole and phenolic groups forming DNP derivatives. DNP derivatives then have been hydrolyzed
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structures‚ or if given structures‚ identify name of each of the following types of compounds: a. Esters b. Amines c. Aromatic compounds including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Identify structures that are products of the following reactions: a. Grignard reaction including identification of the nucleophile. b. Conversion of nitriles into carboxylic acids and acid derivatives c. Diels-Alder reactions d. Reduction of aldehydes and reagents used for that reaction. e. Fischer esterification
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(the trends on HW4)‚ Fischer‚ acidic/basic hydrolysis of esters/amides/nitriles‚ CH2N2‚ acid chloride formation (rxn only)‚ acid chloride rxns with esters and amides. 2 Rxn of carboxyllic acid derivatives w/organometallic reagents‚ Cuprate preparation and rxn‚ Reduction of carboxyllic acid derivatives‚ basic/acidic aldol rxn (dimerization‚ cross aldol‚ selective enolate formation)‚ basic/acidic aldol dehydration‚ Claisen and Dieckmann Condensations‚ Michael addition‚ Robinson annulation‚ Enolate
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* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
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Chem 31.1 Post Lab 3 CARBONYL COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES HYDROLYSIS OF POLYSACCHARIDES - - Susceptible to both nucleophiles and electrophiles Presence of C=O TEST FOR ALDEHYDES AND KETONES - - Reaction with 2‚4-DNP (Dinitrophenylhydrazine) Positive: Formation of yellow precipitate IODOFORM TEST - Carbonyl compounds: Methyl ketones will give a positive result Postive: Yellow precipitate (CHI3) MOLISCH’S TEST for carbohydrates - TOLLEN’S TEST – for aldehydes
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