Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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E. 4‚2‚1‚3 1‚4‚2‚3 1‚3‚4‚2 4‚1‚2‚3 2‚1‚4‚3 OH OH HO OH 1 2 3 4 L. What is the IUPAC name of the following alcohol? A. S-2-ethyl-5‚5-dimethyl-R-cyclohexanol B. R-2-ethyl-5‚5-dimethyl-R-cyclohexanol C. S-2-ethyl-5‚5-dimethyl-S-cyclohexanol D. S-6-ethyl-3‚3-dimethyl-cyclohexane E. S-3-ethyl-R-6-S-6-dimethyl-cyclohexanol HO M. Predict the most likely mechanism(s) for the reaction of cis-3-methyl-chloro-cyclohexane with sodium methoxide (in methanol as the solvent) – circle one
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Assessment task 3 oral presentation summary Description of the experiment * Aim: To observe the reactions of sulfuric acid as an oxidising agent and as a dehydrating agent. Equipment: * 20mL of concentrated sulfuric acid * 20mL of 2mol/L sulfuric acid * 2 small pieces of each of copper‚ zinc and iron * Sandpaper * 10 test tubes * Test tube rack * 2g of sugar crystals (sucrose) * 2 wooden ice-cream sticks * 10mL measuring cylinders Steps: A: Sulfuric acid
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Upon addition of bromine‚ the brown color of bromine quickly disappears as the bromine adds to the double bond in the products. Addition of bromine to the fractional distillate caused the bromine to discolor. The addition of bromine to 2-methyl-cyclohexanol remains brown because there is an absence of double bound (saturation). Addition of potassium permanganate caused the solution to turn slightly brown but appeared immiscible as result of the unsaturation product. When analyzing the IR results confirmed
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Laboratory #6 Qualitative Tests for Carbonyls: Aldehydes vs. Ketones Introduction Various chemical tests identifying ketones and aldehydes are used in this experiment in order to identify an unknown carbonyl compound. The tests used are: 2‚4-dinitrophenylhydrazone test‚ Tollen’s Test‚ Benedict’s Test‚ Chromic Acid Test‚ aka Bordwell-Wellman Test‚ Schiff’s Test‚ and Iodoform Test. These classification tests provide results based on color change or formation of precipitation‚ which is then used
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step involves the production of KA Oil (a mixture of cyclohexanone‚ the ketone and cyclohexanol‚ the alcohol component) and the second stage is its subsequent oxidation to adipic acid with an excess of strong nitric acid in the presence of copper and vanadium catalysts. Only 3-8 % conversion of cyclohexane is obtained in the first step. Recycling of the large amount of cyclohexane unreacted and separation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone from cyclohexane present major problems. In the second step the
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3168‚ Australia Received 13 October 1998; received in revised form 22 December 1998; accepted 23 December 1998 Abstract The oxidation products of cyclohexene "nd several applications as intermediates for the manufacture of useful chemicals like cyclohexanol‚ cyclohexenol/cyclohexenone‚ cyclohexadiene‚ etc. The uncatalysed oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen was studied in a batch reactor. The products‚ cyclohexene hydroperoxide‚ cyclohexenol‚ cyclohexenone and cyclohexene oxide were realised
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Sulphur Sulphur is a non metal element in group 6 of the periodic table. Sulphur has many useful properties which make it widely used in the industry. Sources of Sulphur: Sulphur is found in many places in the world in different forms. It usually exists in volcanic regions in USA‚ Mexico and Sicily. Sulphur could also be obtained from some metal ores like Copper pyrites (CuFeS2) and Blende (ZnS). Properties of Sulphur: In room temperature‚ sulphur is a yellow‚ brittle solid
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opportunity—apple pectin”. Their new-found business was started to harvest the carbohydrate found in apples know as pectin‚ they soon after started to produce apple cider vinegar (Smith‚ 2017). Sometime before 1921 the company decided to begin dehydrating their apples being used to make apple cider vinegar (Smith‚
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defined‚ by a chemist named Lavoisier. As the world began exploring during the 18th century‚ large deposits of gypsum were found near Paris‚ France. The French began to use gypsum as building materials as well as decorative material by dehydrating gypsum. Dehydrating gypsum helped to chemically alter water filled‚ naturally occurring gypsum. Across the years as gypsum was studied more‚ and more ways were found in using such a mineral. Gypsum was used as a soil additive to help improve crop yield‚ when
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